Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogs: A Review of Analysis Methods and Levels in Pufferfish

Park, Bong Ki; Jang, Woo Jin; Park, Ki-Hwan; Lee, Hee-Seok; Lee, Wan-Ok; Choi, Kwang-Sik; Lee, Ji‐Hyun

doi:10.13103/jfhs.2021.36.2.105

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This optimal acetic acid concentration (1%) is agreed well with data reported for extraction of TTX from the liver of T. pseudommus 21 . Moreover, most studies used 0.1%–2% acetic acid concentration for extraction of TTX from biological sources 40 …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…For the liver of T. pseudommus , it was reported that the extraction time for the highest TTX recovery yield was 20–25 min 21 . Moreover, most of analytical protocol for TTX qualitative and quantitative determination from various matrices used extraction time of 5–60 min 40,41 . However, these extraction time levels are not orienting large‐scale extraction of TTX.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 Moreover, most studies used 0.1%-2% acetic acid concentration for extraction of TTX from biological sources. 40 The influence of solvent/matrix ratio on TTX recovery yield is shown in Figure 1c. Data revealed that without using solvent, TTX recovery yield only achieved 15.9%, which was significantly increased to 35.8%, 63.5%, 89.4% and 96.7% ( p < .05) when solvent was used at 1, 2, 3 and 4 mL/g matrix (Figure 1c), respectively.…”

Section: Uncoded Levels (Coded Levels)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 Moreover, most of analytical protocol for TTX qualitative and quantitative determination from various matrices used extraction time of 5-60 min. 40,41 However, these extraction time levels are not orienting large-scale extraction of TTX.…”

Section: Uncoded Levels (Coded Levels)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central composite design‐based response surface methodology for optimization of tetrodotoxin extraction from the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda

Tran,

Dinh,

Dang

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Tetrodotoxin analogues (TTXs) used in research and development were originated from biological sources for the last decades. Among TTXs‐bearing aquatic animals, horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda from Vietnam's Coast was reported to contain a high level of TTXs, indicating a promising source for extraction and purification of TTXs. In this work, horseshoe crab C. rotundicauda collected from Can Gio Coast, Vietnam was used for TTX extraction using homogenization‐assisted method with acetic acid solvent. The extraction process was analysed and optimized by single‐factor investigation and response surface methodology (RSM). Single‐factor investigation pointed out that the optimal conditions for TTX recovery yield from C. rotundicauda's soft tissues were homogenization time of 20 min, acetic acid concentration of 1.0%, solvent/matrix ratio of 4 mL/g, extraction temperature of 70°C, extraction time of 30 min and number of extraction of two times. The most significant factors including acetic acid concentration, solvent/matrix ratio and extraction temperature were utilized for constructing the RSM model to predict TTX recovery yield. The maximal TTX recovery yield predicted from RSM model was 97.3% under solvent/matrix ratio of 4 mL/g, extraction temperature of 70°C and acetic acid concentration of 1% (v/v). The RSM model displayed a high stability and precision for prediction of TTX recovery yield from experiments of 1–10 kg C. rotundicauda's soft tissues/batch extractions producing low errors (−1.95% to 1.85%). TTXs in C. rotundicauda's soft tissues were elucidated by HPLC‐MS/MS, revealing the presence of three analogues TTX, 4epi‐TTX and Anh‐TTX with their contents of 43.02, 22.54 and 45.07 μg/g, respectively.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uncoded Levels (Coded Levels)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uncoded Levels (Coded Levels)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Central composite design‐based response surface methodology for optimization of tetrodotoxin extraction from the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda

Tran,

Dinh,

Dang

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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“…Recent years have witnessed the boom of new technologies for TTX determination, among which high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) occupies an increasingly important space in quantifying and characterizing TTX and its analogues. , Besides, emerging microextraction techniques have shown great potential for pufferfish sample preparation. , However, having studied the reviews concerning the detection of TTX and its analogues, − we found that all of them only focused on analytical methods, overlooking the progress made in sample preprocessing. Notably, pretreatment techniques are often indispensable in the determination processes, and they merit more attention and investigation, especially in HPLC-MS/MS-based methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogues in Food: Recent Updates on Sample Preparation and Analytical Methods Since 2012

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Tetrodotoxin (TTX), found in various organisms including pufferfish, is an extremely potent marine toxin responsible for numerous food poisoning accidents. Due to its serious toxicity and public health threat, detecting TTX and its analogues in diverse food matrices with a simple, fast, efficient method has become a worldwide concern. This review summarizes the advances in sample preparation and analytical methods for the determination of TTX and its analogues, focusing on the latest development over the past five years. Current state-of-the-art technologies, such as solid-phase microextraction, online technology, novel injection technology, two-dimensional liquid chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry, newly developed lateral flow immunochromatographic strips, immunosensors, dual-mode aptasensors, and nanomaterials-based approaches, are thoroughly discussed. The advantages and limitations of different techniques, critical comments, and future perspectives are also proposed. This review is expected to provide rewarding insights to the future development and broad application of pretreatment and detection methods for TTX and its analogues.

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Detection of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and its analogues in mud snails Nassarius livescens occurring on a sandy beach in Jeju Island, Korea, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)

Hong,

Kajino,

Park

et al. 2023

Fish Sci

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Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogs: A Review of Analysis Methods and Levels in Pufferfish

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Central composite design‐based response surface methodology for optimization of tetrodotoxin extraction from the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda

Central composite design‐based response surface methodology for optimization of tetrodotoxin extraction from the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda

Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogues in Food: Recent Updates on Sample Preparation and Analytical Methods Since 2012

Detection of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and its analogues in mud snails Nassarius livescens occurring on a sandy beach in Jeju Island, Korea, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)

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