Tevatron electron lenses: Design and operation

Shiltsev, Vladimir; Bishofberger, K.; Kamerdzhiev, V.; Kozub, S.; Kufer, Matthew; Kuznetsov, G. F.; Martinez, Alex; Olson, M.; Pfeffer, H.; Saewert, G.; Scarpine, V.; Seryi, A.; Solyak, N.; Sytnik, V.V.; Tiunov, M.; Tkachenko, L.; Wildman, D.; Wolff, Daniel; Zhang, Xiaolong

doi:10.1103/physrevstab.11.103501

Cited by 53 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This performance determines whether the accelerator can safely run at higher intensity, or whether additional shielding or collimators will be required. Realistic simulations of particle loss maps are fundamental to our ability to predict eventual quenching locations, for the nominal LHC and possible upgraded collimation systems, new materials and advanced collimation concepts such as hollow electron lenses [14] and crystal collimation [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The practical Pomeron for high energy proton collimation

et al. 2016

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We present a model which describes proton scattering data from ISR to Tevatron energies, and which can be applied to collimation in high energy accelerators, such as the LHC and FCC. Collimators remove beam halo particles, so that they do not impinge on vulnerable regions of the machine, such as the superconducting magnets and the experimental areas. In simulating the effect of the collimator jaws it is crucial to model the scattering of protons at small momentum transfer t, as these protons can subsequently survive several turns of the ring before being lost. At high energies these soft processes are well described by Pomeron exchange models. We study the behaviour of elastic and single-diffractive dissociation cross sections over a wide range of energy, and show that the model can be used as a global description of the wide variety of high energy elastic and diffractive data presently available. In particular it models low mass diffraction dissociation, where a rich resonance structure is present, and thus predicts the differential and integrated cross sections in the kinematical range appropriate to the LHC. We incorporate the physics of this model into the beam tracking code MERLIN and use it to simulate the resulting loss maps of the beam halo lost in the collimators in the LHC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The practical Pomeron for high energy proton collimation

et al. 2016

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“…For example, a Gaussian profile was used for non-linear beam-beam force compensation in the Tevatron and a flat-top profile was used for bunch by bunch tune correction. Further profiles are explained in [16]. An important advantage of the electron lens is that the electron beam current can be adjusted between individual bunches at the Tevatron, allowing single bunch manipulations.…”

Section: Hollow Electron Beam Collimation (Hebc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can produce a tune shift of dQ max x,y ≈ 0.008 [16]. They were installed for research on beam-beam compensation [17,16]. TEL1 was installed in 2001.…”

Section: Hollow Electron Beam Collimation (Hebc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An electron gun, situated left next to the accelerator beam tube, produces an electron beam that is sent on an arc through 3 short solenoids into the accelerator beam tube. After traveling a distance of 2 m, during which the electron beam interacts with the (anti-)proton beam, the electrons are again extracted from the accelerator beam tube using 3 more solenoids [16]. The lens operates with a few amperes and at an energy up to 10 keV [16].…”

Section: Tevatron Experience For Hebc At Lhcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After traveling a distance of 2 m, during which the electron beam interacts with the (anti-)proton beam, the electrons are again extracted from the accelerator beam tube using 3 more solenoids [16]. The lens operates with a few amperes and at an energy up to 10 keV [16]. The gun, the interaction region and the collector have 3 separate solenoids, used for the magnetic confinement of the electron beam.…”

Section: Tevatron Experience For Hebc At Lhcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Proposed Application of Hollow Electron Beam Collimation for the LHC at CERN

Moens

2013

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This thesis work was carried out in the framework of the U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program (US-LARP), a collaboration between the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the U.S. Department of Energy. The first half of the work was completed at Fermilab (USA), the location of the Tevatron, a proton-antiproton collider and the second largest particle collider in the world. The second half was completed at CERN (Switzerland), the location of the largest proton collider in the world (Large Hadron Collider (LHC)).This thesis characterizes a Hollow Electron Beam (HEB) for possible usage at the LHC to enhance its collimation through Hollow Electron Beam Lenses (HEBLs). Collimation is a long established principle in high energy particle accelerators. Hollow Electron Beam Collimation (HEBC) aims to enhance current collimation systems by controlling diffusion of primary halo particles into the limiting aperture. It works on the principle of a transverse radial electric field that kicks the primary halo particles outwards upon each pass in a multi-pass system. The transverse field is produced by a HEB that is coaxially aligned with the accelerator beam, producing a negligible electric field in the center and a strong transverse electric field at amplitudes higher than the inner radius of the electron beam. Ideally, halo particles are affected without perturbation of the beam core. One of the main advantages of this system is to decrease the dependence on instantaneous loss spikes and beam jitter. A solid experimental basis of HEBC was accumulated at the Tevatron. The application of this technique at the LHC is now under investigation.The aim of this thesis is to present a preliminary report to support a future optimal conceptual design report. It characterizes the available hardware in order to facilitate the design of a Hollow Electron Gun (HEG) for the LHC, characterizes the effect on beam diffusion by determining the transverse electric fields of the electron beam and initiates 3D simulations in order to determine the effect of the HEBL on the beam core.

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Beam–Beam Effects

Shiltsev

Valishev

2014

Accelerator Physics at the Tevatron Collider

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Tevatron electron lenses: Design and operation

Cited by 53 publications

References 7 publications

The practical Pomeron for high energy proton collimation

The practical Pomeron for high energy proton collimation

Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Proposed Application of Hollow Electron Beam Collimation for the LHC at CERN

Beam–Beam Effects

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