This paper presents small world architecture for P2P networks (SWAN) for content discovery in multi-group P2P systems. A semi-structured P2P algorithm of SWAN is utilized to create and find long-range shortcuts toward remote peer groups. In SWAN, not every peer node needs to be connected to remote groups, but every peer node can easily find which peer nodes have external connections to a specific peer group. From our analysis and simulation, SWAN has the advantages of both structured and unstructured P2P networks and can achieve good performance in both stable and dynamic environments.Keywords: Peer-to-peer; Small world; Information search
IntroductionMost early Internet applications are distributed using client/server architecture that has a series of drawbacks, such as performance bottlenecks and low fault tolerance. On the contrary, peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture does not rely on centralized servers to provide access to services and offers an appealing alternative to the client/server model, especially for large-scale distributed applications. This paper presents small world architecture for P2P networks (SWAN) for resource discovery and discovery in multi-group P2P systems. A semi-structured P2P algorithm of SWAN is used to create and discover long-range shortcuts between different peer groups, which can satisfy the following requirements of design:(1) Not every peer node needs to connect to other peer groups;(2) Each peer node needs to know or can easily find which peer nodes have external connections to which peer groups; 3 (3) External links to other peer groups need to be distributed within the peer group and cannot be centralized in one or a few peer nodes.The rest of paper is organized as follows: Section 2 discusses related work. Section 3 presents the SWAN algorithms. The small-world properties of SWAN are analysed in Section 4. The performance evaluation and simulations are given in Section 5 and Section 6, respectively. We conclude the work in Section 7.
Related Work
Resource Discovery in Peer-to-Peer NetworksExisting P2P solutions for resource discovery can be generally classified into two categories: structured and unstructured P2P systems. Distributed hash tables (DHTs) have become the dominant methodology for resource discovery in structured P2Pnetworks [5]. The observed problem of most DHTs is that the cost of maintaining a consistent distributed index is too high in dynamic environments [6]. Some structured P2P protocols (e.g. Kademlia [7]) are beginning to seek ways to save the cost of maintaining a consistent index. In contrast, unstructured P2P systems (e.g. Gnutella) do not control data placement and are more resilient in dynamic environments, but current unstructured P2P search techniques tend to either require high search overhead or generate massive network traffic.In contrast, SWAN uses a semi-structured P2P search method combining the techniques of both structured and unstructured search methods. SWAN does not strictly rely on DHTs. It can find the requested data inside and ...