Beyond 'Trimming the Fat' -The Sub-editing Stage of Newswriting 0. Abstract Thus far, professional editing has not been researched extensively in writing research. This paper zooms in on sub-editing in newswriting as a form of professional editing, addressing three research questions: (i) what are the ways in which a news article's text is altered?, and (ii) are some types of news articles altered more significantly than others?, (iii) are certain news article sections more prone to alterations?Merging the contextualized insights of fieldwork with a corpus-based discourse analytic research perspective, we trace the differences (viz. Additions, Deletions, Translocations, Replacements) between the 'initial' (right before sub-editing) and 'final' (published) version of six different types of news article, i.e. front-page, headline, long, medium, short and news wire article, in a corpus sample of 30 broadsheet articles.Our findings are firstly that (i) -contrary to popular belief that sub-editors mainly 'hack away' at news stories, or merely 'trim the fat' -Additions prevail. Secondly, (ii) we found that most Interventions occur in high stakes articles. Thirdly, (iii) we discovered the largest number of Interventions in the 'entry points' of an article, i.e. where -according to eye-tracking researchreaders stop scanning and start reading. Finally, we discuss our findings in the light of training for professional editors.
Keywords:writing processes, professional editing, journalism, news discourse, linguistic ethnography, eyetracking research 2 1. Introduction Within writing studies extensive research has been done on editing and revision (see e.g. Hayes et al., 1987;Hacker et al., 1994; Allal et al. 2004; Bisaillon, 2007) and often it is defined as a subprocess of writing (Alamargot & Chanquoy, 2001;Fitzgerald, 1987; Rijlaarsdam et al., 2004; Laflamme, 2007).However, thus far, very few studies have addressed professional editing, "an activity that consists in comprehending and evaluating a text written by a given author and in making modifications to this text in accordance with the assignment or mandate given by a client " (Bisaillon, 2005: 4, translation).Professional sub-editing involves many aspects of revision and editing (see Rohman's PreWrite/Write/Re- Write model, 1965;Britton et al., 1975). During the construction of a news article, for instance, there are in fact multiple stages of revision (Allal et al., 2004), and multiple players are involved. (Myhill and Jones, 2007): rather than an end-of-the-line repair practice, it is a continuous process of "re-vision" or "re-seeing" (Sommers, 1980). Recent studies (Bisaillon 2007; Rijlaarsdam et al., 2004) have shown the need for more research on professional editing in various contexts, since "only then will we have a proper description of the realities of the profession in all their fullness and complexity" (Bisaillon, 2007: 319). Relying on both fieldwork (participant observation, interviews) and quantitative analysis of a corpus of thirty articles, it i...