“…In contrast to the abundance of research on materials development/design (see Tomlinson, 2012) and content analysis of materials, there has been much less research investigating how materials are actually used by teachers and students in language classroom interactions and how they influence classroom discourse (e.g., Canagarajah, 1993;Guerrettaz & Johnston, 2013;Opoku-Amankwa, 2010;Thoms, 2014;Yakhontova, 2001). Yet, there has been work relevant to the issue of materials use in L2 classrooms (albeit materials use is not the major focus of these studies) from various perspectives, such as classroom ethnography (e.g., Duff, 1995) and multimodal conversation analytic studies (e.g., Hasegawa, 2018;Hellermann & Pekarek Doehler, 2010;Kunitz & Skogmyr Marian, 2017;Majlesi, 2018;Markee, 2011).…”