Textile fibers

Chance, William

doi:10.1021/ed032p238.1

Cited by 5 publications

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“…source of hydroxyl radicals through the Fenton reaction [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Hydroxyl radicals being among the best hydrogen atom acceptors, they are prone to induce a large variety of biological mutations.…”

Section: (A) (B) (C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydroxyl radicals being among the best hydrogen atom acceptors, they are prone to induce a large variety of biological mutations. If generated within the membrane of a cell, they provoke a fast disruption of the cellular membrane cohesion via radical catalyzed peroxidation of cell bilipids through the Haber-Weiss reaction.In living cells, H 2 O 2 is scavenged by catalase which catalyzes its fast disproportionation into oxygen and water so that its concentration is maintained at nanomolar steady state levels and the above lethal routes are thus prevented [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In spite of its considerable efficiency at the nanomolar and sub-nanomolar physiological concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, catalase is inhibited by its substrate at higher concentrations.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Superoxide is constantly produced as an unwanted side product (ca., 6-8 % of metabolic oxygen) during the normal metabolism of aerobic cells [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Most of this hazardous species is readily scavenged through its fast disproportionation into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen (eq.…”

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Nitrogen monoxide and oxidative stress: composition and intensity of cellular oxidative bursts cocktail. A study through artificial electrochemical synapses on single human fibroblasts

Amatore¹,

Arbault²,

Bruce³

et al. 2000

Analusis

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Positioning an ultramicroelectrode at micrometric distances from an isolated living cell ensures that any electroactive material released by the cell is collected and analyzed by the electrode surface. The film of extracellular fluid comprised between the cell and the electrode surfaces defines an artificial synaptic cleft of a few hundred femtoliters volume, in which the release of minute molecular amounts of chemicals produces a sudden and important concentration rise. This guarantees the detection of the released species with an extremely high signalto-noise ratio, as well as a determination of its instant released flux since the collection efficiency is quantitative. In other words, the assembly cell/liquid cleft/ultramicroelectrode behaves as an artificial neuronal synapse. In this review we wish to elaborate on how this artificial synaptic arrangement may be used to monitor an oxidative stress response stimulated in a human fibroblast, and demonstrate that such long-time conjectured oxidative cellular bursts involve a subtle cocktail of femtomoles of hydrogen peroxide, nitrogen monoxide, peroxynitrite and nitrite ions. The analysis performed establishes that this delicate cocktail results from the ultimate combinations of equimolar primary productions of superoxide ion and nitrogen monoxide by two distinct enzymatic systems which are presumably operating in distinct compartments of the cell: NADPH-oxidase type enzymes for the generation of superoxide, and NO-synthases for that of nitrogen monoxide.Article available at http://analusis.edpsciences.org or http://dx.doi.org/10. 1051/analusis:2000280506 Electrodes pick up electrical noise through their capacitance, viz., through their overall conducting surface area, while the analytical information (viz., the Faradaic current) may arise only from the surface area exposed to the cell release. Thus, using an electrode with an active surface matching that of the examined cell decreases the noise while it does not affect at all the quality and intensity of the analytical information. This increases the signal-to-noise ratio and ensures simultaneously a quantitative collection efficiency since the artificial synaptic cleft covers the cell emitting surface. Cells being of micrometric dimensions, it is understood that positioning an ultramicroelectrode at micrometric distances from an isolated living cell ( Fig. 1 a,b) ensures the most adequate signal-to-noise ratio and guarantees that the collection of electroactive chemicals released by a single living cell surface is total [1][2][3][4][5][6] Application of artificial synapses to oxidative stressThe biological problem and its biological and medical importanceAerobic cells are known to produce superoxide ion (O 2 -) and nitrogen monoxide (NO) in response to a stress created by a drastic change in the cell activity provoked by an aggression of its membrane integrity (during a viral or bacterial intrusion for example) or following a sudden and drastic change in its surrounding medium. The released NO is thought to ...

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Section: (A) (B) (C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen monoxide and oxidative stress: composition and intensity of cellular oxidative bursts cocktail. A study through artificial electrochemical synapses on single human fibroblasts

Amatore¹,

Arbault²,

Bruce³

et al. 2000

Analusis

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“…Dans les mitochondries de foie de rat, la fuscine inhibe l'oxydation du glutamate sans ralentir l'oxydation du succinate, comme le font d'ailleurs la rheine [37], l'amytal et la rotenone [2,3]. De mkme que ces inhibiteurs, la fuscine empeche la reduction du cytochrome b par le NADH.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Dans une note preliminaire [l] nous avions mentionni? l'analogie des effets inhibiteurs de la fuscine et de la rotenone [2,3] sur la respiration des mitochondries de foie de rat. Des travaux recents concernant le site d'action de la rotenone sur la chaine respiratoire des mitochondries de levure [4,5] nous ont conduit B rechercher quelle h i t l'action de la fuscine sur la respiration de mitochondries isolees B partir de deux souches de levures, l'une, Candida utilis, sensible & la rotenone, l'autre, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, insensible B la rotenone.…”

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Apport d'un nouvel inhibiteur, la fuscine, dans l'étude des chaînes respiratoires de mitochondries animales et de mitochondries de levures

Demaille¹,

Vignais²,

Vignais³

1970

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Fuscin, a quinoid compound elaborated by Oidiodendron fuscum, is a powerful inhibitor of' mitochondrial respiration in animal and yeast mitochondria. It is not an uncoupler.In rat liver mitochondria fuscin inhibits the oxidation of glutamate, but is without effect on the oxidation of succinate. Bound fuscin cannot be removed by washing mitochondria. Inhibition of glutamate oxidation is of the same order of magnitude in state 3 and in state 4 and the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation remains unaltered. Half-inhibition is obtained with 14 nmoles of fuscin per mg of mitochondrial protein. The inhibition of electron transfer by fuscin is not released by 2,4-dinitrophenol. Menadione does not induce a by-pass of electron transfer around the site inhibited by fuscin, as is the case for rotenone inhibition.I n rat liver mitochondria, fuscin prevents the reduction of cytochrome b by glutamate and the succinate-linked reduction of mitochondrial NAD. In beef heart mitochondria, fuscin inhibits to the same extent the NADH-oxidase and the NADH-menadione reductase. The extent of reduction of the non-heme iron protein associated with NADH-dehydrogenase (electron paramagnetic resonance spectra) is not altered by the addition of fuscin. These data suggest that the site of action of fuscin in the NAD respiratory chain of animal mitochondria is located between the non-heme iron component of the NADH-dehydrogenase and cytochrome b.I n mitochondria of Candida utilis, and by contrast to animal mitochondria, fuscin inhibits both succinate and pyruvate oxidations; it partially prevents the reduction of cytochrome b by succinate and the reoxidation of ubiquinone reduced by pyruvate. The amount of fuscin required for half inhibition of respiration is four times smaller in the case of succinate oxidation, (14 nmoles/ mg of protein) than in the case of pyruvate oxidation (46-56 nmoles/mg of protein). No uncoupling effect is observed. Contrary to rotenone which is some 500 times less active on Candida utilis mitochondria than on animal mitochondria, fuscin exerts its inhibitory effect on animal and on yeast mitochondria in the same range of concentrations.Respiration of mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which are rotenone-insensitive and mitochondria of Candida utilis which are rotenone-sensitive is inhibited by fuscin to the same extent whether succinate or pyruvate is used as substrate. Moreover, mitochondria obtained from iron-limited Candida utilis, which have lost their sensitivity to rotenone, are still sensitive to fuscin. These data clearly point to different sites of action of fuscin and rotenone in the respiratory chain of yeast mitochondria.Fuscin inhibits the reduct)ion by succinate of the non-heme iron protein associated with succinate dehydrogenase in Candida utilis mitochondria, but it does not alter the reduction of the non-heme iron protein of NADH dehydrogenase. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies point to a site of action of fuscin, in yeast mitochondria, on the succinate side of the non-heme iron protein...

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Lipid composition and endogenous respiration of pig heart mitochondria

Comte

Gautheron

Peypoux

et al. 1971

Lipids

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Lipid composition and endogenous respiration of pig heart mitochondria were studied in parallel, since the level of endogenous respiration affects the oxidation of added substrates and therefore the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation; mitochondrial lipids can interfere either as substrates or as partner in the energy conservation mechanism. 02 uptake kinetics were measured in presence of different additives: ATP, ADP, NAD + and hexokinase + glucose. The lipid composition of pig heart mitochondria was determined by chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. Total lipids were 90% phospholipids; the main phosphatides were cardiolipin, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine; the two latter were rich in plasmalogens. The main nonpolar lipids were triglycerides and free fatty acids. The fatty acid composition of total lipids, phospholipids, free fatty acids and triglycerides was determined by gas liquid chromatography. Mitochondrial lipids were characterized by a high content of unsaturation.

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Textile fibers

Cited by 5 publications

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Nitrogen monoxide and oxidative stress: composition and intensity of cellular oxidative bursts cocktail. A study through artificial electrochemical synapses on single human fibroblasts

Nitrogen monoxide and oxidative stress: composition and intensity of cellular oxidative bursts cocktail. A study through artificial electrochemical synapses on single human fibroblasts

Apport d'un nouvel inhibiteur, la fuscine, dans l'étude des chaînes respiratoires de mitochondries animales et de mitochondries de levures

Lipid composition and endogenous respiration of pig heart mitochondria

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