Textile‐Type Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode Enabling High Specific/Areal Capacities and High Rate Capability through Ligand Replacement Reaction‐Mediated Assembly

Abstract

Achieving high energy storage performance and fast rate capability at the same time is one of the most critical challenges in battery technology. Here, a high‐performance textile cathode with notable specific/areal capacities and high rate capability through an interfacial interaction‐mediated assembly that can directly bridge all interfaces existing between textile and conductive materials and between conductive and active materials, minimizing unnecessary insulating organics is reported. First, amine (NH2)‐ and carboxylic acid (COOH)‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are alternately layer‐by‐layer (LbL)‐assembled onto cellulose textiles for the preparation of conductive textiles using hydrogen bonding interactions. Dioleamide‐stabilized LiFePO4 nanoparticles (DA‐LFP NPs) with high crystallinity and high dispersion stability in organic media are consecutively LbL‐assembled with MWNT‐NH2 onto conductive textiles through ligand replacement between native DA ligands bound to the surface of the LFP NPs and NH2 groups of MWNTs. In this case, 35 nm sized LFP NPs are densely and uniformly adsorbed onto all regions of the textile, and additionally, their areal capacities are increased according to the deposition number without a significant loss of charge transfer kinetics. The formed textile cathodes exhibit remarkable specific/areal capacities (196 mAh g−1/8.3 mAh cm−2 at 0.1 C) and high rate capability with highly flexible mechanical properties.

Building Efficient Ion Pathway in Highly Densified Thick Electrodes with High Gravimetric and Volumetric Energy Densities

“…Decreasing porosity makes more space for AMs in the electrode, which gives rise to an increased packing density of AMs. The packing density of LFP in the PIW electrode is 1.33 mg cm –2 , much higher than the LFP electrodes produced by ice-templating, , wood-templating, 3D printing, phase inversion, , and other techniques ,,, (LFP packing density typically below 1.1 mg cm –2 , Figure S10). A high packing density of AMs is beneficial for high energy densities, while efficient ion transport network is crucial for power densities.…”

“…(a) Rate performance of a 126 mg cm –2 PIW electrode. (b) Comparison of electrode loading-porosity between this work and the recently reported thick electrode designs. ,,,,,− Comparison of (c) gravimetric and (d) volumetric energy/power densities between this work and the recently reported thick electrode designs. − ,, (e) Schematic illustration of cell configurations using a commercial LFP electrode (top), a 50% porosity ultrathick electrode (middle), and a 38% porosity PIW electrode (bottom). (f) Cell-level energy densities of the LFP-Li cell using a commercial LFP electrode (top), a 50% porosity ultrathick electrode (middle), and a 38% porosity PIW electrode (bottom).…”

Developing a three-dimensional co-continuous phase network structure via enhanced inter-component affinity for high-performance flexible organic radical electrodes

“…This is because, for one thing, the electro-inactive bulky metallic substrate generally accounts for more than half of electrode mass, resulting in an appreciable loss of energy density. [38][39][40] For another, because of the insufficient interfacial adhesion as well as radically different tensile properties between the active composite materials and the substrate, such a heterogeneous structure will inevitably cause severe structural disruption under continuous mechanical deformation and thus inferior exibility of electrodes. 39,41 Recently, Kim et al claimed that a exible radical electrode prepared by in situ synthesizing PTMA on a light-weight graphite paper substrate can simultaneously increase the energy density and mechanical exibility of electrodes.…”

“…[38][39][40] For another, because of the insufficient interfacial adhesion as well as radically different tensile properties between the active composite materials and the substrate, such a heterogeneous structure will inevitably cause severe structural disruption under continuous mechanical deformation and thus inferior exibility of electrodes. 39,41 Recently, Kim et al claimed that a exible radical electrode prepared by in situ synthesizing PTMA on a light-weight graphite paper substrate can simultaneously increase the energy density and mechanical exibility of electrodes. 42 Unfortunately, the obtained electrodes delivered relatively poor rate capability and ultra-low rate (0.5C) cycling, which was presumably due to the decient contact of PTMA with the graphite substrate, especially for those outer PTMA layers.…”

A photolithography tailored undulating configuration to confine nanostructures on microtubes via a “stress-induced” effect for boosting sodium ion storage

“…[31][32][33][34][35][36] According to studies, the outer surface of nanomaterials exhibits the largest tensile stress relaxation with the embedding of alkali metal ions. 32,[37][38][39] When nanomaterials are brought together, significant contact stress relaxation is generated during cycling. 40,41 In addition, nanomaterials in close contact can crush and fracture each other, resulting in poor structural integrity of the electrode.…”