Textiles, Testing

Abstract

Objective and subjective methods for testing of fibers, yarns, and conventional fabrics are presented in this article. A brief discussion of testing methods for geotextiles and geomembranes is also given. Methods reviewed are mainly from ASTM and American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) standards. Specific properties discussed are, for fibers, length, crimp, transverse dimensions, density, cross‐sectional shape, shrinkage, friction, optical, tensile and elastic properties, moisture absorption, and electrostatic and thermal properties; for yarn, size and number, twist, strength, evenness, friction and texture; and for conventional fabrics, construction, thickness, air permeability, strength and elongation, snag, pilling and abrasion resistance, shrinkage, thermal and moisture transmission, color and wash fastness, flammability, hand, drape, wrinkle resistance, luster, and comfort. Test methods for geotextiles and geomembranes include those for filtration and clogging, permeability, permittivity and pore size, tensile properties, degradation by ultraviolet light and temperature, abrasion, friction, and construction parameters, including mass and thickness. Where appropriate brief discussions of fiber, yarn, and fabric properties are included as they relate to the testing procedures. Testing equipment available for making particular measurements has also been given in many instances.