Textural characteristics of ore mineral dendrites in banded quartz veins from low-sulfidation epithermal deposits: implications for the formation of bonanza-type precious metal enrichment

Tharalson, Erik R.; Taksavasu, Tadsuda; Monecke, Thomas; Reynolds, T. James; Kelly, Nigel M.; Pfaff, Katharina; Bell, A. S.; Sherlock, Ross

doi:10.1007/s00126-023-01187-7

Miner Deposita

2023

DOI: 10.1007/s00126-023-01187-7

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Textural characteristics of ore mineral dendrites in banded quartz veins from low-sulfidation epithermal deposits: implications for the formation of bonanza-type precious metal enrichment

Erik R. Tharalson

Tadsuda Taksavasu

Thomas Monecke

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

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Coupled antimony and sulfur isotopic composition of stibnite as a window to the origin of Sb mineralization in epithermal systems (examples from the Kremnica and Zlatá Baňa deposits, Slovakia)

Koděra,

Mathur,

Zhai

et al. 2024

Miner Deposita

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Stibnite is a relatively common mineral in epithermal deposits, with little known about Sb transport and efficient stibnite precipitation. The famous Kremnica Au-Ag low-sulfidation deposit and Zlatá Baňa intermediate-sulfidation Pb-Zn-Cu-Au-Ag-Sb deposit are hosted in two different Neogene volcanic fields in Western Carpathians, Slovakia. In both deposits, stibnite-rich veins occur outside of major vein structures, accompanied by illite, illite/smectite, and kaolinite alteration, and affiliated to late-stage fluids (< 2 wt% NaCl eq., < 150 °C). Sulfur isotopic composition of stibnite and sulfides is different at both deposits, likely due to a different magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the parental magmatic chambers in the Central and Eastern Slovak Volcanic Fields. The Sb isotopes (δ123Sb), however, show similar values and trends of gradual simultaneous increase with δ34S values, explained by a progressive precipitation of stibnite and its fractionation with the fluid. The data were modeled by two coupled Rayleigh fractionation models, (for Sb and for S), assuming a predominant Sb transport in HSb2S4– with a variable amount of S species. Higher molality ratio mS/mSb of fluids was found in Kremnica (~ 3–4) than in Zlatá Baňa (~ 2). At both deposits, the heaviest δ123Sb values are accompanied by a decrease in the δ34S values probably due to the commencement of pyrite/marcasite precipitation. According to thermodynamic models of solubility of Sb(III) complexes and observations from active geothermal fields, stibnite precipitation was triggered by temperature decrease accompanied by mixing with a mildly acidic fluid (pH 4–5) of a steam-heated CO2-rich condensate on margins and in the final stages of epithermal systems. The proposed model for the origin of stibnite-bearing veins in epithermal systems can be used for their better targeting and efficient mineral exploration.

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Coupled antimony and sulfur isotopic composition of stibnite as a window to the origin of Sb mineralization in epithermal systems (examples from the Kremnica and Zlatá Baňa deposits, Slovakia)

Koděra,

Mathur,

Zhai

et al. 2024

Miner Deposita

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Role of boiling for the formation of vertical metal zoning and bonanza zone in low-sulfidation epithermal gold‑silver deposits: A geochemical modeling approach

Aruga,

Imai

2024

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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Microtextural evidence for the recrystallization of opal-A to quartz in epithermal veins: A case study from the McLaughlin deposit, California

Gissler,

Monecke,

Reynolds

et al. 2024

Ore Geology Reviews

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Textural characteristics of ore mineral dendrites in banded quartz veins from low-sulfidation epithermal deposits: implications for the formation of bonanza-type precious metal enrichment

Cited by 3 publications

References 73 publications

Coupled antimony and sulfur isotopic composition of stibnite as a window to the origin of Sb mineralization in epithermal systems (examples from the Kremnica and Zlatá Baňa deposits, Slovakia)

Coupled antimony and sulfur isotopic composition of stibnite as a window to the origin of Sb mineralization in epithermal systems (examples from the Kremnica and Zlatá Baňa deposits, Slovakia)

Role of boiling for the formation of vertical metal zoning and bonanza zone in low-sulfidation epithermal gold‑silver deposits: A geochemical modeling approach

Microtextural evidence for the recrystallization of opal-A to quartz in epithermal veins: A case study from the McLaughlin deposit, California

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