Textural Characteristics of Resorcinol—Formaldehyde Resin and Temperature Behavior of Bound Water Affected by Co-Adsorbed Trifluoroacetic Acid or Pyridine in Weakly Polar Organic Media

Abstract

Resorcinol-formaldehyde resin (RFR) was synthesized as a porous material characterized by specific surface area of 140 m 2 /g and pore volume of 0.59 cm 3 /g with major proportions of broad mesopores and macropores. The interfacial behavior of water at low (h = 0.05 g of water/gram of dry RFR) and high (h = 2 g/g) hydration degrees depends on temperature and pore size filled by unfrozen water because its freezing-point depression increases in narrower pores. When water is mixed with co-adsorbates, the effects of such co-adsorbates as non-polar, weakly polar and polar organics depend on the amounts and the pore sizes. Even at a low hydration degree (h = 0.05 g/g), a portion of water can be displaced from pores by organic co-adsorbates because water has a relatively weak interaction with the RFR surface.

The influence of sodium alginate on the structural and adsorption properties of resorcinol‐formaldehyde resins and their porous carbon derivatives

“…[1,2] The porous RFRs are widely used as ion exchange resins and as a source for the preparation of carbon materials with controlled porosity. [3][4][5][6][7] Such materials are promising and have proven to be very effective in the synthesis of carbon adsorbents, electrode materials for energy sources and supercapacitors, and mesoporous carbon membranes for hydrogen storage. [8][9][10][11] The possibility of obtaining RFR aerogels and low-density porous carbon on this basis has generated particular interest.…”

“…In addition, the use of waste precursors for the production of high-quality functional carbon nanomaterials by applying a simple, efficient, sustainable and cost-effective pyrolysis process proves the sustainability and economic viability of the end products. [3][4][5][7][8][9] Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that poses a health hazard to both humans and animals. It occurs in the environment as a pollutant originating from agricultural and industrial sources.…”

“…Resorcinol‐formaldehyde resins (RFRs) have been used as glues and adhesives in various industrial fields for several decades [1,2] . The porous RFRs are widely used as ion exchange resins and as a source for the preparation of carbon materials with controlled porosity [3–7] . Such materials are promising and have proven to be very effective in the synthesis of carbon adsorbents, electrode materials for energy sources and supercapacitors, and mesoporous carbon membranes for hydrogen storage [8–11] .…”

“…It should be noted that working with carbon composites is much more convenient in terms of their reuse and multiple applications. In addition, the use of waste precursors for the production of high‐quality functional carbon nanomaterials by applying a simple, efficient, sustainable and cost‐effective pyrolysis process proves the sustainability and economic viability of the end products [3–5,7–9] …”