“…23 , 24 The potential for bulk texture analysis has also been demonstrated. 25 The introduction of two-dimensional (2D) detectors for high-energy x-rays has opened up capabilities for large-area reciprocal space mapping, such as for studies of diffuse scattering, 26 simultaneous recording of many 2D powder diffraction rings, so-called Debye-Scherrer rings, 27 leading to advanced texture analysis, 28 three-dimensional x-ray diffraction techniques 29 that map microstructures in volume, and the materials oscilloscope. 30 , 31 In the latter, the intensity distribution of distinguishable diffraction spots, lying on the Debye-Scherrer rings and stemming from individual crystallites, is streaked along a time axis while the specimen undergoes thermomechanical processing, leading to characteristic traces or "timelines" that help to distinguish various deformation and annealing processes, such as grain coarsening, refi nement, subgrain formation, rotation, slip, twinning, (dynamic) recovery, and recrystallization.…”