“…The simplest models use constant values for the GB energy γ and a temperature dependent mobility, µ(T), referred to as isotropic models [26,11,27,19,8]. Heterogeneous models were also proposed, in which each boundary has its own energy and mobility [28,29,12,30,31,32,33,34,20,21,35] trying to reproduce more complex microstructures with local heterogeneity, such as twin boundaries. Each grain has its own crystal orientation, and GB energy and mobility depend on the disorientation angle between two grains [9,21], but the effect of the misorientation axis and GB inclination is frequently omitted.…”