TF33 Turbofan engine in every respect: Performance, environmental, and sustainability assessment

Abstract

The performance parameters, environmental sensitivity, and sustainability of a turbofan engine used extensively in military aviation are examined to the last detail. Assessment parameters named as energy efficiency, specific fuel consumption (SFC) and thrust, fuel heating value ratio (FHVR), thermal limit ratio (TLR), enthalpy ratio (ER), engine thrust ratio (ETR), fuel cost rate (FCR), specific fuel cost rate (SFCR), exergy efficiency, exergy destruction ratio, exergy loss ratio (ExLR), waste exergy ratio (WExR), exergetic improvement potential (ExIP), relative exergetic improvement potential (RExIP), productivity lack ratio (PLR), fuel exergy waste ratio (FExWR), environmental effect factor (EEF), ecological effect factor (EcoEF), sustainable efficiency factor (SEF), and exergetic sustainability index (ESI) were used to analyze thermodynamically the engine. The most sustainable and environmentally friendly components are researched and the results are presented to the literature. Between the components, the combustion chamber (CC) has the highest EEF with 0.8627 and the highest EcoEF value with 1.8627. Comparing the engine components, the low‐pressure turbine (LPT) has the best SEF value with 67.83 and the best ESI value with 66.83. Conversely, the CC has the worst SEF value with 2.16 and the best ESI value with 1.16. Ultimately, environmental and sustainability results from the analysis are expected to help understand the link between turbofan engine selection for both commercial and military aircraft and green flight paths, and therefore, make the choice of turbofan engines environmentally benign and greener.

Energetic, exergetic, exergoeconomic, environmental (4E) and sustainability performances of an unmanned aerial vehicle micro turbojet engine

“…Air has a specific heat capacity as a function of temperature under the constant pressure. It is estimated by Hepbasli, 2013, 2014;Balli et al, 2020;Balli et al, 2021;Balli, 2017): c P;a T ð Þ ¼ 1:04841 À 3:83719T 10 4 1 9:45378T 2 10 7 À 5:49031T 3 10 10 1 7:92981T 4 10 14…”

“…The TLR determines the boundaries of the materials used in the CC of the turbine. TLR value shows the temperature resistance value of CC and turbine section materials of the engine (Balli et al, 2020;Balli, 2020):…”

“…where Ė F , Ė Pr and Ė L signify input energy rate as fuel energy, the desired product energy and energy loss rate that does not convert to the desired product. The fuel energy rate and product energy rate of the MTJ can be estimated from (Balli et al, 2020;Balli, 2019aBalli, , 2020Balli et al, 2018):…”

“…When the EcoEF value becomes one, it means that all the fuel exergy used in the system is converted into the product exergy and the waste exergy is zero. Here, it can be said that the system has no adverse effects on the environment (Balli et al, 2020;Balli et al, 2021;Balli, 2017).…”

“…High level of sustainability can be achieved if the combustion process concluded in high exergetic efficiency. Hence, more sustainability is possible if efficiency of the system increases (Balli et al, 2020;Balli et al, 2021;Balli, 2017).…”