TFBN: A Cost Effective High Performance Hierarchical Interconnection Network

Abstract

In order to fulfill the increasing demand for computation power to process a boundless data concurrently within a very short time or real-time in many areas such as IoT, AI, machine learning, smart grid, and big data analytics, we need exa-scale or zetta-scale computation in the near future. Thus, to have this level of computation, we need a massively parallel computer (MPC) system that shall consist of millions of nodes; and, for the interconnection of these massive numbers of nodes, conventional topologies are infeasible. Thus, a hierarchical interconnection network (HIN) is a rational way to connect huge nodes. Through this article, we are proposing a new HIN, which is a tori-connected flattened butterfly network (TFBN) for the next generation MPC system. Numerous basic modules are hierarchically interconnected as a toroidal connection, whereby the basic modules are flattened butterfly networks. We have studied the network architecture, static network performance, and static cost-effectiveness of the proposed TFBN in detail; and compared static network and cost-effectiveness performance of the TFBN to those of TTN, torus, TESH, and mesh networks. It is depicted that TFBN possesses low diameter and average distance, high arc connectivity, and temperate bisection width. It also has better cost-effectiveness and cost-performance trade-off factor compared to those of TTN, torus, TESH, and mesh networks. The only shortcoming is that the complexity of wiring of the TFBN is higher than that of those networks; this is because the basic module necessitates some extra short length link to form the flattened butterfly network. Therefore, TFBN is a high performance and cost-effective HIN, and it will be a good option for the next generation MPC system.

Effect of Ginger Powder Addition in Broiler Chicken Diets on Productive Performance

“…Compared to the control, the conversion rate with ginger as a component. According to the findings of [9][10][11][12][13], garlic supplementation in broiler boosted feed intake, body weight growth, the FCR, and the morphometric of the digestive tract. [14][15][16][17], found that adding red ginger as a photobiotic in broiler rations of up to 2.0 percent had a positive impact on feed intake, total body weight increase, and feed conversion.…”

A Novel Tradeoff Analysis between Traffic Congestion and Packing Density of Interconnection Networks for Massively Parallel Computers

“…The proposed TFBN's static network performance was evaluated previously, and its superiority over other networks was established in our initial study on TFBN [23]. This paper investigates and analyses the density parameters called message traffic density and packing density, and the trade-off between them.…”

“…The hop distance parameters were simulated using a dimension order routing algorithm. Both diameter and average distance have been enlisted in Table 1, which shows that the hop distance parameters of the proposed TFBN [23] outperforms the 2D and 3D mesh and torus networks and hierarchical TTN and TESH network for 256 nodes as well as for 4096 nodes. Furthermore, as the number of nodes increases, the diameter and average distance of hierarchical networks improve significantly than conventional mesh and torus networks.…”

“…The concept of a novel HIN named Tori-connected flattened butterfly network (TFBN) had been posited by the authors in an earlier work [23] along with a statistical analysis of its performance. The network contains several interconnected basic modules (BMs) for forming the networks that indicate higher level in the hierarchy.…”

Static Evaluation of a Midimew Connected Torus Network for Next Generation Supercomputers

“…The presence of conventional networks in the evaluation was because of their current usage by supercomputers [34]. In addition, an MTN is compared to other HINs, including a midimew-connected mesh network (MMN) [35], a tori-connected mesh network (TESH) [36], a tori-connected flattened butterfly network (TFBN) [37], and a tori-connected torus network (TTN) [38].…”