TGF‐β1 overexpression in the transversalis fascia of patients with direct inguinal hernia

Abstract

Our findings indicate overexpression of the active form of TGFbeta1 in the TF of young patients with direct hernia. This overexpression reflects an attempt to counterbalance the enhanced matrix degradation process observed in these patients, identifying a subset of patients requiring the use of a prosthetic material for primary hernia repair.

Lysyl oxidase like‐1 dysregulation and its contribution to direct inguinal hernia

“…The enzymes that degrade elastin, such as elastase and MMPs, are thought to be involved in reducing elastin expression in different diseases, and thus to contribute to the degradation of the extracellular matrix and progression of the disease. It is known that MMP‐2s are overexpressed in the fascia transversalis of patients with direct inguinal hernia [16,17] and that this overexpression is correlation with the overexpression of TGFβ1 in the enhanced matrix degradative process observed [18].…”

“…In previous studies [16,17], we were able to show that MMPs play a role in the development of some types of inguinal hernia by demonstrating MMP‐2 overexpression in the transversalis fascia of patients with direct inguinal hernia and its correlation with the overexpression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in these patients. We interpret this overexpression of TGFβ1 as an attempt to counterbalance the enhanced matrix degradation [18]. Metalloproteinases are known to regulate the synthesis and degradation not only of collagen but also of many other extracellular matrix components such as proteoglycans, elastin, fibronectin etc.…”

Connective tissue alteration in abdominal wall hernia

“…The level of the active form of TGF-β1 was significantly increased in the fascia transversalis of patients with a direct inguinal hernia compared with patients with an indirect inguinal hernia or controls without a hernia 69 . The highest level of active TGF-β1 was found in young patients with a direct inguinal hernia (aged 20-40 years) who also had raised MMP-2 levels in serum and fascia transversalis 69 .…”

Transforming Growth Factor β1 and Extracellular Matrix Protease Expression in the Uterosacral Ligaments of Patients With and Without Pelvic Organ Prolapse

“…Pascual et al illustrated an increase in expression of TGF-β1 in the fascia of inguinal hernias [11]. The pathogenesis of abdominal hernias and POP may be similar, as both conditions result in the loss of fascial support leading to a protrusion or herniation of organs.…”