TGF-β Mediates Renal Fibrosis via the Smad3-Erbb4-IR Long Noncoding RNA Axis

Obstructive nephropathy is the end result of a variety of diseases that block drainage from the kidney(s). Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)/Smad3‐driven renal fibrosis is the common pathogenesis of obstructive nephropathy. In this study, we identified petchiether A (petA), a novel small‐molecule meroterpenoid from Ganoderma , as a potential inhibitor of TGF‐β1‐induced Smad3 phosphorylation. The obstructive nephropathy was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice. Mice received an intraperitoneal injection of petA/vehicle before and after UUO or sham operation. An in vivo study revealed that petA protected against renal inflammation and fibrosis by reducing the infiltration of macrophages, inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐α) and reducing extracellular matrix deposition (α‐smooth muscle actin, collagen I and fibronectin) in the obstructed kidney of UUO mice; these changes were associated with suppression of Smad3 and NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation. Petchiether A inhibited Smad3 phosphorylation in vitro and down‐regulated the expression of the fibrotic marker collagen I in TGF‐β1‐treated renal epithelial cells. Further, we found that petA dose‐dependently suppressed Smad3‐responsive promoter activity, indicating that petA inhibits gene expression downstream of the TGF‐β/Smad3 signalling pathway. In conclusion, our findings suggest that petA protects against renal inflammation and fibrosis by selectively inhibiting TGF‐β/Smad3 signalling.

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“…31 The primary antibodies used in this study included antibodies against Cybernetics, Bethesda, MD) as described previously. 32,33…”

Section: Morphological and Immunohistochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Petchiether A attenuates obstructive nephropathy by suppressing TGF‐β/Smad3 and NF‐κB signalling

You

Luo

Wang

et al. 2019

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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“…Lineage tracing suggests that these disease-causative cells arise predominantly from glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 + -forkhead box (FOX) D1 + vascular pericytes and fibroblasts (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36), a conclusion supported by sine oculis homeobox homolog 2 fate mapping of the injured renal epithelium (35,37). TGF-b1 governs the myofibroblastic differentiation of pericytes and resident fibroblasts while coordinating a program of pathologic ECM synthesis and advancing fibrosis (38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). Indeed, mice engineered to express epithelial-targeted, inducible, constitutively active TGF-b receptor I exhibit acute tubular injury and apoptosis, phenotypic dedifferentiation, synthesis of profibrotic factors, and interstitial inflammatory cell recruitment (45).…”

Section: The Renal Fibrotic Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

TGF‐β1–p53 cooperativity regulates a profibrotic genomic program in the kidney: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications

et al. 2019

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Chronic kidney disease affects >15% of the U.S. population and >850 million individuals worldwide. Fibrosis is the common outcome of many chronic renal disorders and, although the etiology varies (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, ischemia, acute injury, and urologic obstructive disorders), persistently elevated renal TGF‐β1 levels result in the relentless progression of fibrotic disease. TGF‐β1 orchestrates the multifaceted program of renal fibrogenesis involving proximal tubular dysfunction, failed epithelial recovery and redifferentiation, and subsequent tubulointerstitial fibrosis, eventually leading to chronic renal disease. Recent findings implicate p53 as a cofactor in the TGF‐β1‐induced signaling pathway and a transcriptional coregulator of several TGF‐β1 profibrotic response genes by complexing with receptor‐activated SMADs, which are homologous to the small worms (SMA) and Drosophilia mothers against decapentaplegic (MAD) gene families. The cooperative p53‐TGF‐β1 genomic cluster includes genes involved in cell growth control and extracellular matrix remodeling [e.g., plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1; serine protease inhibitor, clade E, member 1), connective tissue growth factor, and collagen I]. Although the molecular basis for this codependency is unclear, many TGF‐β1‐responsive genes possess p53 binding motifs. p53 up‐regulation and increased p53 phosphorylation; moreover, they are evident in nephrotoxin‐ and ischemia/reperfusion‐induced injury, diabetic nephropathy, ureteral obstructive disease, and kidney allograft rejection. Pharmacologic and genetic approaches that target p53 attenuate expression of the involved genes and mitigate the fibrotic response, confirming a key role for p53 in renal disorders. This review focuses on mechanisms whereby p53 functions as a transcriptional regulator within the TGF‐β1 cluster with an emphasis on the potent fibrosis‐promoting PAI‐1 gene.—Higgins, C. E., Tang, J., Mian, B. M., Higgins, S. P., Gifford, C. C., Conti, D. J., Meldrum, K. K., Samarakoon, R., Higgins, P. J. TGF‐β1‐p53 cooperativity regulates a profibrotic genomic program in the kidney: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. FASEB J. 33, 10596–10606 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

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“…; Feng et al . ). These studies revealed that lncRNA may serve as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) or a molecular sponge for modulating the expression and biological functions of miRNAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Feng et al . ), but platforms specific for lncRNA interactions with other biomolecules are still not available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming growth factor‐β signalling in renal fibrosis: from Smads to non‐coding RNAs

Tang

Zhang

Mak

et al. 2018

The Journal of Physiology

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Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the key player in tissue fibrosis. However, antifibrotic therapy targeting this multifunctional protein may interfere with other physiological processes to cause side effects. Thus, precise therapeutic targets need to be identified by further understanding the underlying mechanisms of TGF-β1 signalling during fibrogenesis. Equilibrium of Smad signalling is crucial for TGF-β-mediated renal fibrosis, where Smad3 is pathogenic but Smad2 and Smad7 are protective. The activation of TGF-β1/Smad signalling triggers extracellular matrix deposition, and local myofibroblast generation and activation. Mechanistic studies have shown that TGF-β/Smad3 transits the microRNA profile from antifibrotic to profibrotic and therefore promotes renal fibrosis via regulating non-coding RNAs at transcriptional levels. More importantly, disease-specific Smad3-dependent long non-coding RNAs have been recently uncovered from mouse kidney disease models and may represent novel precision therapeutic targets for chronic kidney disease. In this review, mechanisms of TGF-β-driven renal fibrosis via non-coding RNAs and their translational capacities will be discussed in detail.

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TGF-β Mediates Renal Fibrosis via the Smad3-Erbb4-IR Long Noncoding RNA Axis

Cited by 126 publications

References 42 publications

Petchiether A attenuates obstructive nephropathy by suppressing TGF‐β/Smad3 and NF‐κB signalling

Petchiether A attenuates obstructive nephropathy by suppressing TGF‐β/Smad3 and NF‐κB signalling

TGF‐β1–p53 cooperativity regulates a profibrotic genomic program in the kidney: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications

Transforming growth factor‐β signalling in renal fibrosis: from Smads to non‐coding RNAs

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