2001
DOI: 10.1002/nur.1027
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Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses to academic stress

Abstract: Predominant Th2 profiles are associated with the worsening of asthma, and stress is speculated to induce a Th2 profile. The goals of this study were to examine the responses of the cytokines Th1 (IFN-gamma and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6) to a stressor and to look at the relationships between cytokine and psychological responses. Twenty-four students with and without a history of asthma completed questionnaires and gave blood samples during nonexam and exam periods. Cytokines were measured by ELISA fro… Show more

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Cited by 73 publications
(53 citation statements)
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“…This suggests that under conditions of low stress, individuals with asthma do not differ from healthy individuals in their responsiveness to mitogen, but that periods of stress heighten the responsiveness of Th-2 immune cells to mitogens specifically in individuals with asthma (Kang et al, 1997). A second study from this group documented that exam stress was associated with reduced production of the Th-1 cytokines IFN-g and IL-2, but increased production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 (argued by this group to represent Th-2) across both a sample of students with asthma and healthy students (Kang & Fox, 2001). …”
Section: Patients With Asthmamentioning
confidence: 95%
“…This suggests that under conditions of low stress, individuals with asthma do not differ from healthy individuals in their responsiveness to mitogen, but that periods of stress heighten the responsiveness of Th-2 immune cells to mitogens specifically in individuals with asthma (Kang et al, 1997). A second study from this group documented that exam stress was associated with reduced production of the Th-1 cytokines IFN-g and IL-2, but increased production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 (argued by this group to represent Th-2) across both a sample of students with asthma and healthy students (Kang & Fox, 2001). …”
Section: Patients With Asthmamentioning
confidence: 95%
“…Several studies reported changes in the cytokine profile in students during an academic examination period. The general pattern seems to be the emphasis of Th2 response through the decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, INF-γ) and higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4) (Kang and Fox 2001;Marshall et al 1998). Similar to these studies, delayed wound healing and a decrease in IL-1β, a key interleukin involved in this process, have been demonstrated in young healthy students during an examination period compared to a non-stressful holiday period (Marucha et al 1998).…”
Section: Psychological Stress and Immunitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…immediately before the exam, as in Kamezaki et al (2012) and Maes et al (1998)) and its prolonged, chronic component (i.e. during the examination period, as in Kang and Fox (2001) and Marshall et al (1998)); for a review, see Bosch et al (2002)). In one of the first studies that examined the relationship between psychological stress and the immune system in humans, the strong psychological stressor of bereavement was associated with decreased function of T lymphocytes (Bartrop et al 1977).…”
Section: Psychological Stress and Immunitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, we and others have reported a decrease in the production of Th1 and increase in production of Th2 cytokines, resulting in a decreased IFN ␥ /IL-10 ratio, after medical student exam stress [2,3] . In contrast, Maes et al [4] and others demonstrated that psychological stress significantly changed the production of IFN-␥ , TNF-␣ , IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 in different directions in an acute stress model [4,5] .…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%