Th1 and Th2 Cytokines and IgE Levels in Identical Twins with Varying Levels of Cigarette Consumption

Cozen, Wendy; Díaz-Sánchez, David; Gauderman, W. James; Zadnick, John; Cockburn, Myles; Gill, Parkash S.; Masood, Rizwan; Hamilton, Ann S.; Jyrala, Minna; Mack, Thomas M.

doi:10.1007/s10875-004-6247-0

Cited by 64 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They determined significant dose responses between heavy smokers (>20 cigarettes/day) and light smokers (<20 cigarettes/day) in monocyte production of IL-5 (166% higher in heavy smokers) and IL-13 (146% higher in heavy smokers) but observed no significant differences in IL-4 production. 156 These cytokines are more consistent with an increased Th2 type immune response in heavier smokers, with consequences that would be in accord with greater susceptibility to intracellular pathogens, as Yin et al observed in response to heavy diesel exhaust particle exposure. 133 In the first part of this section, the inflammatory burst-producing cytokine type response was emphasized, whereas in the latter part, discussion emphasizing sensitization, immunological suppression and alternative activation of macrophages was discussed.…”

Section: Toxicological Consequences Of Metallo-particle Inhalation Spmentioning

confidence: 73%

Toxic elements in tobacco and in cigarette smoke: inflammation and sensitization

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biochemically and pathologically, there is strong evidence for both atopic and nonatopic airway sensitization, hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation as a consequence of exposure to tobacco mainstream or sidestream smoke particulate. There is growing evidence for the relation between exposure to mainstream and sidestream smoke and diseases resulting from reactive oxidant challenge and inflammation directly as a consequence of the combined activity of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, as a humoral immunological consequence of sensitization, and that the metal components of the particulate play a role in adjuvant effects. As an end consequence, carcinogenicity is a known outcome of chronic inflammation.Smokeless tobacco has been evaluated by the IARC as a group 1 carcinogen. Of the many harmful constituents in smokeless tobacco, oral tissue metallothionein gradients suggest that metals contribute to the toxicity from smokeless tobacco use and possibly sensitization.This work reviews and examines work on probable contributions of toxic metals from tobacco and smoke to pathology observed as a consequence of smoking and the use of smokeless tobacco. Metals and metalloids in tobaccoThough exposure to substances from tobacco use is obviously a complex exposure, the carcinogens in tobacco smoke have been classified for health risk determinations into five major chemical classes. 1 Some of these have been carefully studied, contributing to a strong weight of evidence for associated health risks. 2 Toxic metals and metalloids constitute one of the more understudied major carcinogenic chemical classes in smokeless tobacco products and tobacco smoke. Eight of the top forty substances in the Fowles and Dybing table of cancer risk indices are metals or metalloid compounds. 1 In their table of non-cancer risk indices for individual chemical constituents of mainstream cigarette smoke based on a single cigarette per day, three of the top eight listed for respiratory effect health risk, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, and nickel, were metals. Another metalloid, silicon in the form of silicates, poses serious health risks by inhalation, but limited data is available, likely due to analytical difficulties.Metals and metalloids in smoke from biomass combustion including tobacco are generally considered to be present in ionic form, but may also occur in a gaseous elemental form, as is the case for mercury. 3 Whether a tobacco product is consumed by smoking or in a smokeless form, the exposure to toxic metals is directly related to the concentration in the tobacco leaf, assuming no metal containing additives are included during manufacture. [4][5][6] The soil (including any amendments to the soil such as sludge, fertilizers, or irrigation with

show abstract

Section: Toxicological Consequences Of Metallo-particle Inhalation Spmentioning

confidence: 73%

Toxic elements in tobacco and in cigarette smoke: inflammation and sensitization

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The only significant determinant of smoking persistence was having a co-twin who continued to smoke. In a second study, we were the first to demonstrate that smoking was directly associated with increased interleukin-5 and interleukin-13 levels (Cozen et al, 2004a).…”

Section: Smokingmentioning

confidence: 92%

The USC Adult Twin Cohorts: International Twin Study and California Twin Program

et al. 2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study of twin subjects permits the documentation of crude heritability and may promote the identification of specific causal alleles. We believe that at the current time, the chief research advantage of twins as subjects, especially monozygotic twins, is that the commonality of their genetic and cultural identity simplifies the interpretation of biological associations. In order to study genetic and environmental determinants of cancer and chronic diseases, we developed two twin registries, maintained at the University of Southern California: The International Twin Study (ITS) and the California Twin Program (CTP). The ITS is a volunteer registry of twins with cancer and chronic disease consisting of 17,245 twin pairs affected by cancer and chronic disease, respectively, ascertained by advertising in periodicals from 1980–1991. The CTP is a population-based registry of California-born twin pairs ascertained by linking the California birth records to the State Department of Motor Vehicles. Over 51,000 individual California twins representing 36,965 pairs completed and returned 16-page questionnaires. Cancer diagnoses in the California twins are updated by regular linkage to the California Cancer Registry. Over 5,000 cancer patients are represented in the CTP. Twins from both registries have participated extensively in studies of breast cancer, melanoma, lymphoma, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus type 1, mammographic density, smoking, and other traits and conditions.

show abstract

“…38,39 Previous reports of an association between HL and smoking have usually been strongest in EBV-positive HL [40][41][42][43] ; we did not have enough information on EBV tumor status to evaluate this relationship. Although adult-onset eczema is a common clinical manifestation of HL, 44 the majority of twins with a history of eczema reported an onset in early childhood, and the remainder at least 5 years before diagnosis, so reverse causality is not a likely explanation of the association.…”

Section: Protective Role For Early Oral Exposures In Yahlmentioning

confidence: 98%

A protective role for early oral exposures in the etiology of young adult Hodgkin lymphoma

Cozen

Hamilton

Zhao

et al. 2009

Blood

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Th1 and Th2 Cytokines and IgE Levels in Identical Twins with Varying Levels of Cigarette Consumption

Cited by 64 publications

References 35 publications

Toxic elements in tobacco and in cigarette smoke: inflammation and sensitization

Toxic elements in tobacco and in cigarette smoke: inflammation and sensitization

The USC Adult Twin Cohorts: International Twin Study and California Twin Program

A protective role for early oral exposures in the etiology of young adult Hodgkin lymphoma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About