Th1 and Th2 Cytokines Pattern among Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Côte d’ivoire

Abstract

Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most prevalent genetic disease worldwide and particularly reaches its highest prevalence in sub-Saharan African countries. In Côte d'Ivoire, the SCD prevalence rate is 12%. Many evidences show that the immune system plays an important role in this inflammatory condition with secreting inflammatory cytokines. This work attempts to identify the cytokine pattern displayed by Ivorian patients during the course of disease, as Th1 cytokines, as well as Th2 cytokines. Furthermore, this study desires to contribute to identify advantages of chronic transfusion in SCD patients. Patients and Methods: 49 subjects (4 to 55 years) were prospectively enrolled in the study after an informed consent. The patients were assigned in 2 groups, patients in steady state and patients in crisis. Serums were measured in San Diego Biolegend laboratory by using LEGENDplexTM Human Inflammation Panel assays and ELISA. Results: Evaluation of serum cytokines in SCD crisis patients revealed an increased level for IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines. The IFN-γ to IL-4 ratio was 1.92 in crisis subjects and 3.55 in steady state subjects indicating a trend toward a Th2 bias in crisis patients. Conclusion: The role of cytokines in role in pathogenesis and progression in SCD is well established. However, accurate data are lacking for people with SCD in Sub-Saharan Africa where the disease is endemic. This study reveals a Th2 bias in SCD patients. The reduction in cytokine levels observed in our transfused patients provides an overview of the definite benefit of chronic transfusion.

Systemic T Cell Subsets and Cytokines in Patients With Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease and Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infections in Togo

“… 17 Siransy et al revealed high levels of IL-6 in patients with SCD in crisis. 34 IFN-γ, elevated as in this study, has been found to inhibit IL-5 production. 35 Because our study groups consisted of asymptomatic UTI-infected HbSS subjects in steady state and uninfected HbSS, HbAS, and HbAA subjects, the levels of TNF-α, IL-5, and IL-6 may well be undetectable.…”

Hemogram Response to Vasoclusive Crisis in Sickle Cell Patients in Enugu, South East, Nigeria

“…Principle: Hemoglobin, a negatively charged protein, migrates to the anode when exposed to an electric fi eld in an alkaline medium which distinguishes it from other heme proteins. The rate of migration is directly proportional to the net charge in the molecule with diff erent hemoglobin types observed as variant bands involving Hb A, F,S,C,D and E [10].…”