Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles and their relationship to clinical features in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Sobue, Satoshi; Nomura, Tomoyuki; Ishikawa, Tetsuya; Ito, Satomi; Saso, Katsuhisa; Ohara, Hirotaka; Joh, Takashi; Itoh, Makoto; Kakumu, Shinichi

doi:10.1007/s005350170057

Cited by 95 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Th1 and Th2 cells are involved in the response to various stimuli, such as infection, CKD and HD itself (21). More recently, it has been debated if a shift in the balance between the Th2 and Th1 immune responses may play a role in the progress of chronic hepatitis (15,22). Recently, in a study on non-renal HCV+ and HCV-patients with Sjögren syndrome, an imbalance of the Th1/Th2 ratio was shown in the HCV+ group (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to various stimuli such as uremia, HCV infection, and HD itself, naive CD4-T cells differentiate into effector T helper (Th) cells and, according to the pattern of cytokine production, two T subsets of cells have been defined: Th1 cells, which produce interferon gamma and IL-2, and Th2 cells, which produce IL-4 and IL-10 and other cytokines such as IL-6 (14,15). A predominance of Th1 cytokine expression has been observed in patients with CKD, but it is not known if this imbalance could affect the production of CRP in the liver, especially in HD patients with liver injury such as hepatitis C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of hepatitis C serology on C-reactive protein in a cohort of Brazilian hemodialysis patients

Nascimento

Bruchfeld

Suliman

et al. 2005

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Hepatitis C (HCV) is not an uncommon feature in hemodialysis (HD) patients and may be a cause of systemic inflammation. Plasma cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is mainly produced by circulating and peripheral cells and induces the hepatic synthesis of C-reactive protein (CRP), which is the main acute phase reactant. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of HCV on two markers of systemic inflammation, serum CRP and IL-6, in HD patients. The study included 118 HD patients (47% males, age 47 ± 13 years, 9% diabetics) who had been treated by standard HD for at least 6 months. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence (HCV+) or absence (HCV-) of serum antibodies against HCV. Serum albumin (S-Alb), plasma high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), IL-6, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured and the values were compared with those for 22 healthy controls. Median hsCRP and IL-6 values and hsCRP/IL-6 ratio were: 3.5 vs 2.1 mg/l, P < 0.05; 4.3 vs 0.9 pg/ml, P < 0.0001, and 0.8 vs 2.7, P < 0.0001, for patients and controls, respectively. Age, gender, S-Alb, IL-6 and hsCRP did not differ between the HCV+ and HCV-patients. However, HCV+ patients had higher ALT (29 ± 21 vs 21 ± 25 IU/l) and had been on HD for a longer time (6.1 ± 3.0 vs 4.0 ± 2.0 years, P < 0.0001). Moreover, HCV+ patients had a significantly lower median hsCRP/IL-6 ratio (0.7 vs 0.9, P < 0.05) compared to the HCV-group. The lower hsCRP/IL-6 ratio in HCV+ patients than in HCV-patients suggests that hsCRP may be a less useful marker of inflammation in HCV+ patients and that a different cut-off value for hsCRP for this population of patients on HD may be required to define inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hepatitis C serology on C-reactive protein in a cohort of Brazilian hemodialysis patients

Nascimento

Bruchfeld

Suliman

et al. 2005

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Explanations for this phenomenon include the presence of HCV quasispecies, the development of mutations in key areas of the viral genome, and the direct interference by the virus of the host immune response (10)(11)(12). A strong cellmediated immune response is thought to lead to clearance of HCV, whereas an elevated humoral response or an only moderately increased cell-mediated response pattern has been reported in patients with chronic infection (7,8,(13)(14)(15)(16). The tension between the continued replication of the virus and a persistent attempt by a less than optimal immune response to eliminate HCV-infected cells within chronically infected persons is implicated in hepatocyte damage and, in some instances, progression to HCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The type 1/type 2 cytokine balance in sera, liver tissue, and culture supernatant of lymphocytes has been studied extensively in HCV-infected patients, but inconsistent results have failed to provide definitive information about the role of cytokines in HCV disease pathology (13)(14)(15)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Nevertheless, data from several studies suggest that a dysregulation of the host immune status may be important in the progression of HCV-related liver disease (14,(22)(23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host Immune Status and Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma among Subjects Infected with Hepatitis C Virus: A Nested Case-Control Study in Japan

Suruki¹,

Müeller²,

Hayashi

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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A nested case-control study was conducted to examine the association between host immune status, as characterized by serum immune marker levels, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) up to 8 years later in persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Cases (n = 39) and matched controls (n = 117) were selected from participants of the Town C HCV Study in Japan between 1996 and 2004 and matched on age at first available sample (F1 year), gender, and length of follow-up. Separate analyses were done for each of three serum immune markers: soluble tumor necrosis factor-receptor II (sTNF-R2) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), as indicators of type 1, cell-mediated immune response, and soluble CD30 (sCD30), as an indicator of type 2, humoral immune response. The median concentrations of sTNF-R2, sICAM-1, and sCD30 among controls were 3,170 pg/mL, 305 ng/mL, and 3.0 units/mL, respectively, and were higher among cases (3,870 pg/mL, 372 ng/mL, and 3.3 units/mL, respectively). The risk of developing HCC among subjects with immune marker concentrations above the median levels of the controls was >2-fold greater than among subjects with lower concentrations for all three markers [sTNF-R2: odds ratio (OR), 6.9; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.4-20.5; sICAM-1: OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 0.9-4.1; and sCD30: OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.7]. Simultaneous adjustment for all three markers revealed only sTNF-R2 to be associated with HCC risk (OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 2.0-20.6). Adjustment for alcohol consumption and HCV serotype did not materially alter these associations. Results from this prospective, community-based study suggest that a dysregulation in both type 1 -related and type 2 -related host immunity contributes to the development of HCV-associated HCC. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(12):2521 -5)

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HepatitisC

2006

Wiley Handbook of Current and Emerging Drug Therapies

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Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles and their relationship to clinical features in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Abstract: These findings indicate a correlation between dominant Th1 response and disease activity and progression. In addition, we suggest that intrahepatic CD4+ T cells play a pathogenetic role in the hepatic injury of HCV infection.

Cited by 95 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of hepatitis C serology on C-reactive protein in a cohort of Brazilian hemodialysis patients

Effect of hepatitis C serology on C-reactive protein in a cohort of Brazilian hemodialysis patients

Host Immune Status and Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma among Subjects Infected with Hepatitis C Virus: A Nested Case-Control Study in Japan

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