Th17 cytokines and factors modulating their activity in patients with pernicious anemia

Abstract

The effects of specific cytokines produced by T cell subsets (such as Th1, Th2, and newly discovered Th17, Treg, Tfh, or Th22) are diverse, depending on interactions with other cytokines, distinct signaling pathways, phase of the disease, or etiological factor. The immunity equilibrium of the immune cells, such as the Th1/Th2, the Th17/Treg, and the Th17/Th1 balance is necessary for the maintenance of the immune homeostasis. If the balance of the T cells subsets is damaged, the autoimmune response becomes enhanced which leads to autoimmune diseases. Indeed, both the Th1/Th2 and the Th17/Treg dichotomies are involved in the pathomechanism of autoimmune diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the cytokines of Th17 lymphocytes as well as the factors modulating their activity in patients with pernicious anemia. The magnetic bead-based immunoassays used (Bio-Plex) allow simultaneous detection of multiple immune mediators from one serum sample. In our study, we showed that patients suffering from pernicious anemia develop the Th1/Th2 imbalance with a quantitative advantage of cytokines participating in Th1-related immune response, the Th17/Treg imbalance with a quantitative advantage of cytokines participating in Treg-related response, as well as the Th17/Th1 imbalance with a quantitative predominance of cytokines participating in Th1-related immune response. Our study results indicate that T lymphocytes and their specific cytokines play an role in the course of pernicious anemia. The observed changes may indicate the immune response to pernicious anemia or be an element of the pernicious anemia pathomechanism.

Causal inference between pernicious anemia and cancers: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization analysis

“…After VDR is activated by its antagonist, in most cases, it translocates in the nucleus, regulates the expression of p21, p27 and other target genes, and plays the anticancer effect of vitamin D, including inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis. In addition to disorders of nutrition and metabolism, it itself acts as an immune system disease [ 26 , 27 ]。This immune system abnormality may lead to a loss of immune tolerance [ 28 ], which may make the body more vulnerable to cancer. In addition, immune system abnormalities may also affect tumor immune surveillance and clearance functions, thereby increasing the risk of cancer.…”