Th17/Treg cells imbalance and their related cytokines (IL-17, IL-10 and TGF-β) in children with autism spectrum disorder

Moaaz, Mai; Youssry, Sara; Elfatatry, Amr; Rahman, Mohammed Abd El

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577071

Cited by 79 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…To date, little is known about the detailed changes that occur in cytokine profiles after TACE. Due to its rarity, the majority of previous studies have focused on individual cytokines, and prior to the present study, few studies have explored changes in serum cytokines, signaling pathways and disease prognosis based on microarray data (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). The general focus of the present study was to identify differences in the cytokine expression profiles of patients with HCC undergoing TACE with a specific interest in identifying significantly changed biological processes and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways.…”

Section: Time-series Clustering Of Cytokine Expression After Transartmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time‑series clustering of cytokine expression after transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

et al. 2019

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Cytokines play an important role in the development of tumors. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mechanisms and cytokine level changes after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) program was utilized to cluster cytokine expression profiles from the day before TACE to day 21 post-TACE. Based on the identified significant signatures, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed. Cytokines were serially monitored in 60 evaluable patients to identify the results of the STEM program. Examination of the significant signatures identified 6 significant time-varied expression patterns for 507 cytokines (profiles 16, 18, 28, 41, 42 and 43). GO analysis was enriched in 'cytokine receptor-binding' and 'cytokine receptor activity', and the identified signaling pathways included 'cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction' and the 'JAK-STAT signaling pathway'. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) level was increased early after TACE, reaching a peak on day 7 before finally decreasing from day 14 onwards, and was significantly positively correlated with aminotransferase level. Serum levels of pre-TACE IL-10 predicted the local tumor response and overall survival (OS) of the patients, while serum levels of post-TACE IL-1β only indicated the local tumor response of the patient. Overall, the present study identified cytokine time-series expression profiles of patients with HCC undergoing TACE. Early phase increases in CNTF after TACE were associated with post-treatment hepatic injury. IL-1β may reflect an objective response after TACE, while IL-10 may represent a biomarker for OS and the objective response pre-TACE, which may help patients with HCC to benefit from TACE.

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Section: Time-series Clustering Of Cytokine Expression After Transartmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time‑series clustering of cytokine expression after transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

et al. 2019

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“…Moreover, Tregs exhibit a reduced expression of Foxp3, CD25 and CTLA-4, which are all required for regulation of immune responses. Opposingly, vitamin D positively influences Th2 and Treg populations and hereby shifts immune responses to a more anti-inflammatory state [50,51].…”

Section: Antigen Presenting Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies observe alterations in anti-inflammatory cytokines in ASD patients, like reductions in TGF-ß expression [70,71]. TGF-ß being involved in immune regulation and is associated with severity of ASD symptoms; the lower the TGF-ß status, the more severe ASD symptoms are [72].…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The levels of IL-10 in ASD patients remain debatable. Some studies observed increased IL-10 levels [69], while others found similar IL-10 levels [73] or even lower IL-10 levels [71,74] in ASD patients compared to healthy individuals. IL-10 modulates inflammatory response and thus the observed increased inflammation in ASD patients could be expected to be increased.…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Vegelin¹,

Teodorowicz²,

Savelkoul³

2021

Vitamin D

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1,25(OH)2D is the hormonally active form of vitamin D known for its pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects. Via altering gene transcription, 1,25(OH)D exerts immunosuppressive effects and stimulates immune regulation. Recently, the interest in vitamin D in association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been triggered. The prevalence of ASD has increased excessively over the last few decades, emphasizing the need for a better understanding of the etiology of the disorder as well as to find better treatments. Vitamin D levels in ASD patients are observed to be lower compared to healthy individuals and maternal vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of ASD. Moreover, vitamin D supplementation improves ASD symptoms. These recent clinical findings strongly suggest that vitamin D is a factor in ASD onset and progression. Yet, possible mechanisms behind this association remain unknown. This review summarizes immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D and peripheral immune dysregulation in ASD, after which possible mechanisms via which vitamin D could rebalance the immune system in ASD are discussed. Although promising clinical results have been found, further research is necessary to draw conclusions about the effect and mechanisms behind the effect of vitamin D on ASD development.

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“…On the contrary, Treg cells are anti-inflammatory and play a protective role against autoimmunity. Disruption of Treg/Th17 balance has been linked to the pathophysiology of many autoimmune diseases, and could also be involved in ASD [80,81]. Although differentiation is mostly driven by immune signals such as chemokines or cytokines, the Treg/Th17 balance could be influenced by an altered microbiota.…”

Section: Clinical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Clinical and Preclinical Evidence

et al. 2020

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 1 in 160 people in the world. Although there is a strong genetic heritability to ASD, it is now accepted that environmental factors can play a role in its onset. As the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms is four-times higher in ASD patients, the potential implication of the gut microbiota in this disorder is being increasingly studied. A disturbed microbiota composition has been demonstrated in ASD patients, accompanied by altered production of bacterial metabolites. Clinical studies as well as preclinical studies conducted in rodents have started to investigate the physiological functions that gut microbiota might disturb and thus underlie the pathophysiology of ASD. The first data support an involvement of the immune system and tryptophan metabolism, both in the gut and central nervous system. In addition, a few clinical studies and a larger number of preclinical studies found that modulation of the microbiota through antibiotic and probiotic treatments, or fecal microbiota transplantation, could improve behavior. Although the understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in the physiopathology of ASD is only in its early stages, the data gathered in this review highlight that this role should be taken in consideration.

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Th17/Treg cells imbalance and their related cytokines (IL-17, IL-10 and TGF-β) in children with autism spectrum disorder

Cited by 79 publications

References 34 publications

Time‑series clustering of cytokine expression after transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Time‑series clustering of cytokine expression after transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Clinical and Preclinical Evidence

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