Th2 and metabolic responses to nematodes are independent of prolonged host microbiota abrogation

Elizalde‐Velázquez, Luis E.; Yordanova, Ivet A.; Liublin, Wjatscheslaw; Adjah, Joshua; Leben, Ruth; Niesner, Raluca; Hartmann, Susanne

doi:10.1111/pim.12957

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…Infection with H. polygyrus increased the duodenal abundance of lactobacilli in a susceptible but not resistant strain of mouse, and administration of Lactobacillus taiwanensis to the resistant strain increased the regulatory T cell population making this mouse strain more susceptible to H. polygyrus (Reynolds et al 2014). Prolonged antibiotic treatment of mice infected with H. polygyrus had no impact on parasite numbers or fecundity during a primary infection, but following a challenge infection, antibiotic-treated mice had more worms but lower fecundity (Elizalde-Velázquez et al 2022). Relative to control uninfected pigs, the microbial diversity of Ascaris suum -infected pigs declined gradually following a single infection, whereas microbial diversity was less stable over time in response to trickle infection (Springer et al 2022).…”

Section: The Parasite Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth-host-environment interactions: Looking down from the tip of the iceberg

Scott

2023

J. Helminthol.

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In 1978, the theory behind helminth parasites having the potential to regulate the abundance of their host populations was formalized based on the understanding that those helminth macroparasites that reduce survival or fecundity of the infected host population would be among the forces limiting unregulated host population growth. Now, 45 years later, a phenomenal breadth of factors that directly or indirectly affect the host–helminth interaction has emerged. Based largely on publications from the past 5 years, this review explores the host–helminth interaction from three lenses: the perspective of the helminth, the host, and the environment. What biotic and abiotic as well as social and intrinsic host factors affect helminths? What are the negative, and positive, implications for host populations and communities? What are the larger-scale implications of the host–helminth dynamic on the environment, and what evidence do we have that human-induced environmental change will modify this dynamic? The overwhelming message is that context is everything. Our understanding of second-, third-, and fourth-level interactions is extremely limited, and we are far from drawing generalizations about the myriad of microbe-helminth-host interactions.Yet the intricate, co-evolved balance and complexity of these interactions may provide a level of resilience in the face of global environmental change. Hopefully, this albeit limited compilation of recent research will spark new interdisciplinary studies, and application of the One Health approach to all helminth systems will generate new and testable conceptual frameworks that encompass our understanding of the host–helminth–environment triad.

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Section: The Parasite Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth-host-environment interactions: Looking down from the tip of the iceberg

Scott

2023

J. Helminthol.

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Two-Photon NAD(P)H-FLIM reveals unperturbed energy metabolism ofAscaris suumlarvae, in contrast to host macrophages upon artemisinin derivatives exposure

Musimbi,

Kundik,

Krücken

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are widespread, with Ascaris lumbricoides infecting millions globally. Malaria and STH co–infections are common in co–endemic regions. Artemisinin derivatives (ARTs)–artesunate, artemether, and dihydroartemisinina–re standard malaria treatments and are also known to influence the energy metabolism of parasites, tumors, and immune cells. Herein, we explore the potential of ARTs to influence ascariasis either by directly affecting larvae or indirectly by modifying macrophage responses. Ascaris suum third-stage larvae and porcine IL–4 polarised (M2–like) macrophages were exposed to ARTs in vitro, and their metabolism was evaluated using two–photon NAD(P)H–FLIM. Both larvae and M2–like macrophages exhibited a steady-state bioenergetic profile of high oxidative phosphorylation and low anaerobic glycolysis. In A. suum larvae, two metabolically distinct regions were identified, with particularly high DUOX activity in the pharynx compared to the midgut. The metabolic profile of both larval regions were, however, unperturbed by ARTs exposure. In contrast, exposure of M2-like macrophages to ARTs induced a metabolic shift towards high anaerobic glycolysis and reduced metabolic activity, suggesting a possible indirect effect of ARTs on the helminth infection. Overall, two–photon NAD(P)H–FLIM proved to be a powerful tool for studying specific metabolic pathways in Ascaris larvae and host macrophages, offering valuable insights into the metabolic mechanisms of drug action on both parasite and host.

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Th2 and metabolic responses to nematodes are independent of prolonged host microbiota abrogation

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

Helminth-host-environment interactions: Looking down from the tip of the iceberg

Helminth-host-environment interactions: Looking down from the tip of the iceberg

Two-Photon NAD(P)H-FLIM reveals unperturbed energy metabolism ofAscaris suumlarvae, in contrast to host macrophages upon artemisinin derivatives exposure

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