Thalamic input to mesial and superior area 6 in the macaque monkey

Matelli, Massimo; Luppino, Giuseppe

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19960812)372:1<59::aid-cne6>3.0.co;2-l

Cited by 152 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(255 reference statements)

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“…In general, the patterns of thalamocortical motor connections reported for macaques (e.g., Jones et al, 1979;Schell and Strick, 1984;Darian-Smith et al, 1990;Nakano et al, 1993;Shindo et al, 1995;Matelli and Luppino, 1996;Rouiller et al, 1999;Morel et al, 2005) are similar to those reported here for galagos. In both macaques and galagos, M1 receives dense inputs from VLp, less dense inputs from VLa, and only a few inputs from VM and VA. PMV receives dense inputs from medial VLp (area X), and less dense inputs from VLa, VM and MDmf.…”

Section: Thalamic Connections Of Motor Areas and Prefrontal Cortexsupporting

confidence: 90%

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The thalamic connections of motor, premotor, and prefrontal areas of cortex in a prosimian primate (Otolemur garnetti)

2006

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Connections of motor areas in the frontal cortex of prosimian galagos (Otolemur garnetti) were determined by injecting tracers into sites identified by microstimulation in the primary motor area (M1), dorsal premotor area (PMD), ventral premotor area (PMV), supplementary motor area (SMA), frontal eye field (FEF), and granular frontal cortex. Retrogradely labeled neurons for each injection were related to architectonically defined thalamic nuclei. Nissl, acetylcholinesterase, cytochrome oxidase, myelin, parvalbumin, calbindin, and Cat 301 preparations allowed the ventral anterior and ventral lateral thalamic regions, parvocellular and magnocellular subdivisions of ventral anterior nucleus, and anterior and posterior subdivisions of ventral lateral nucleus of monkeys to be identified. The results indicate that each cortical area receives inputs from several thalamic nuclei, but the proportions differ. M1 receives major inputs from the posterior subdivision of ventral lateral nucleus while premotor areas receive major inputs from anterior parts of ventral lateral nucleus (the anterior subdivision of ventral lateral nucleus and the anterior portion of posterior subdivision of ventral lateral nucleus). PMD and SMA have connections with more dorsal parts of the ventral lateral nucleus than PMV. The results suggest that galagos share many subdivisions of the motor thalamus and thalamocortical connection patterns with simian primates, while having less clearly differentiated subdivisions of the motor thalamus.

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Section: Thalamic Connections Of Motor Areas and Prefrontal Cortexsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In macaques, inputs to SMA are dense from VLa and VLp, while a notable projection comes from MD (e.g. Matelli and Luppino, 1996), which was not seen in galagos.…”

Section: Thalamic Connections Of Motor Areas and Prefrontal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 94%

The thalamic connections of motor, premotor, and prefrontal areas of cortex in a prosimian primate (Otolemur garnetti)

2006

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“…The cerebellar activation sites in lobule-VI were coactivated with pre-SMA and dPMC, as were the previously mentioned sites observed by Rees et al (1997). Anatomical connections between the cerebellum and dPMC and pre-SMA have been demonstrated in monkeys (Wiesendanger and Wiesendanger, 1985;Matelli and Luppino, 1996). Dorsal PMC and pre-SMA are involved in higher-order aspects of motor planning, and particularly the human dPMC has been shown to be involved in decision processes that precede motor output (Leonards et al, 2000;Peuskens et al, 2001).…”

Section: Role Of the Distinct Cerebellar Activation Sitessupporting

confidence: 70%

“…A significant correlation between activity in the dentate nucleus and SMA was similarly found by Liu and co-workers (1999) using a tactile discrimination task. Both M1 and SMA in monkeys have been shown to project to the cerebellum and to be the target of its transthalamic outputs (Rouiller et al, 1994;Matelli and Luppino, 1996;Hoover and Strick, 1999).…”

Section: Role Of the Distinct Cerebellar Activation Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of multiple functionally distinct cerebellar regions in visual discrimination: a human functional imaging study

et al. 2003

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We investigated the contribution of the human cerebellum to cerebral function during visual discrimination using PET and fMRI. The cognitive task was a successive discrimination of shades of brown with a parametric variation of the stimulus presentation rate and a constant task difficulty. The successive color discrimination task was contrasted to a dimming detection control task, with identical retinal input but with double the number of motor responses. Three sets of activated cerebellar and cerebral regions were observed: rate-dependent and rate-independent color discrimination networks and a motor-and-detection network. The rate-dependent color discrimination network included both an anterior and a posterior activation site in lobule-VI of the two lateral cerebellar hemispheres, whereas the rate-independent network involved a bilateral activation site in lateral Crus-I. Cerebellar sites of the motor-and-detection network were located in medial lobule-V bilaterally, in the vermis, and in posterior left Crus-I and right Crus-II. An additional fMRI study was performed to control for differences in motor output and response timing between the tasks. In this control study, the cerebellar activation sites of the rate-dependent and rate-independent color discrimination networks remained unaltered. The motor-and-detection network included cerebellar activations in posterior left Crus-I and right Crus-II, but none in lobule-V or the vermis. Thus, cerebellar activation sites of the motor-and-detection network could be subdivided into those related to a motor network and those belonging to a dimming detection network. We conclude that successive color discrimination activates multiple, functionally distinct cerebellar regions.

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“…5). As predicted from literature from nonhuman primates (17,18,(33)(34)(35)(36)(37), connections from SMA were found to the corticospinal tract, precentral gyrus, and ventrolateral thalamus (Fig. 5 a and c), whereas connections from pre-SMA were found to the superior frontal gyrus, medial parietal cortex, inferior frontal cortex, and anterior thalamus (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Changes in connectivity profiles define functionally distinct regions in human medial frontal cortex

Johansen‐Berg

Behrens

Robson

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

648

615

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A fundamental issue in neuroscience is the relation between structure and function. However, gross landmarks do not correspond well to microstructural borders and cytoarchitecture cannot be visualized in a living brain used for functional studies. Here, we used diffusion-weighted and functional MRI to test structurefunction relations directly. Distinct neocortical regions were defined as volumes having similar connectivity profiles and borders identified where connectivity changed. Without using prior information, we found an abrupt profile change where the border between supplementary motor area (SMA) and pre-SMA is expected. Consistent with this anatomical assignment, putative SMA and pre-SMA connected to motor and prefrontal regions, respectively. Excellent spatial correlations were found between volumes defined by using connectivity alone and volumes activated during tasks designed to involve SMA or pre-SMA selectively. This finding demonstrates a strong relationship between structure and function in medial frontal cortex and offers a strategy for testing such correspondences elsewhere in the brain.S ince early attempts to parcellate human and nonhuman cortex into structurally distinct subdivisions, the hypothesis that structural borders correspond to functional borders has been widely held (1-3). However, this hypothesis has been tested only rarely. Structural features such as sulci and gyri are commonly used to define anatomical regions in functional imaging, neurophysiology, and lesion studies, yet they have only a limited correspondence to more fine-grained structural organization such as cytoarchitecture (4-6). Microstructural borders based, for example, on measurements of cyto-, myelo-, or receptor architecture (7-9), can only be defined post mortem, and the methodological demands of such studies preclude investigation of the regional functional specializations in the same animals. Detailed testing of the relationship between these anatomicallybased measures and function based on comparisons between subjects is limited by the apparently substantial interindividual variations in microstructural anatomical boundaries (4-6).A structural feature that has not previously been used to define areal boundaries in the human neocortex is connectivity to other brain regions. Whereas features such as cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture, and receptor distributions distinguish the processing capabilities of a region, connectional anatomy constrains the nature of the information available to a region and the influence that it can exert over other regions in a distributed network. Therefore, not only does structural variation reflect functional organization, but local structural organization also determines local functional specialization. Data on brain connectivity in macaque monkeys show that cytoarchitectonically and functionally distinct regions of prefrontal cortex have distinct connectivity ''fingerprints'' (10). Differences in connectivity that parallel differences in cytoarchitecture have been used to define su...

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Thalamic input to mesial and superior area 6 in the macaque monkey

Cited by 152 publications

References 122 publications

The thalamic connections of motor, premotor, and prefrontal areas of cortex in a prosimian primate (Otolemur garnetti)

The thalamic connections of motor, premotor, and prefrontal areas of cortex in a prosimian primate (Otolemur garnetti)

Involvement of multiple functionally distinct cerebellar regions in visual discrimination: a human functional imaging study

Changes in connectivity profiles define functionally distinct regions in human medial frontal cortex

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