Thalamocortical connections of anterior and posterior parietal cortical areas in New World titi monkeys

Padberg, Jeffrey; Krubitzer, Leah

doi:10.1002/cne.21005

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Previous studies have not revealed notable differences in the somatotopic organization in the thalamus and area 3b in these two species (Nelson and Kaas 1981; Nelson et al 1980; Padberg and Krubitzer 2006; Jones and Friedman 1982). MM-D was born with a deformed left foot (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Congenital foot deformation alters the topographic organization in the primate somatosensory system

Liao

Reed

et al. 2014

Brain Struct Funct

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Limbs may fail to grow properly during fetal development, but the extent to which such growth alters the nervous system has not been extensively explored. Here we describe the organization of the somatosensory system in a 6-year-old monkey (Macaca radiata) born with a deformed left foot in comparison to the results from a normal monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Toes 1, 3, and 5 were missing, but the proximal parts of toes 2 and 4 were present. We used anatomical tracers to characterize the patterns of peripheral input to the spinal cord and brainstem, as well as between thalamus and cortex. We also determined the somatotopic organization of primary somatosensory area 3b of both hemispheres using multiunit electrophysiological recording. Tracers were subcutaneously injected into matching locations of each foot to reveal their representations within the lumbar spinal cord, and the gracile nucleus (GrN) of the brainstem. Tracers injected into the representations of the toes and plantar pads of cortical area 3b labeled neurons in the ventroposterior lateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus. Contrary to the orderly arrangement of the foot representation throughout the lemniscal pathway in the normal monkey, the plantar representation of the deformed foot was significantly expanded and intruded into the expected representations of toes in the spinal cord, GrN, VPL, and area 3b. We also observed abnormal representation of the intact foot in the ipsilateral spinal cord and contralateral area 3b. Thus, congenital malformation influences the somatotopic representation of the deformed as well as the intact foot.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Congenital foot deformation alters the topographic organization in the primate somatosensory system

Liao

Reed

et al. 2014

Brain Struct Funct

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“…In macaque monkeys (Nelson and Kaas 1981; Darian-Smith et al 1990), squirrel monkeys (Jones 1975; Cusick et al 1986), owl monkeys (Lin et al 1979), titi monkeys (Coq et al 2004; Padberg and Krubitzer 2006), cebus monkeys (Mayner and Kaas 1986), and marmosets (Krubitzer and Kaas 1992) the ventral posterior nucleus has dense projections to area 1. We also observed moderate projections from VPs, Pla and VPi (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thalamocortical Connections of Parietal Somatosensory Cortical Fields in Macaque Monkeys are Highly Divergent and Convergent

et al. 2009

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We examined the organization and cortical projections of the somatosensory thalamus using multiunit microelectrode recording techniques in anesthetized monkeys combined with neuroanatomical tracings techniques and architectonic analysis. Different portions of the hand representation in area 3b were injected with different anatomical tracers in the same animal, or matched body part representations in parietal areas 3a, 3b, 1, 2, and areas 2 and 5 were injected with different anatomical tracers in the same animal to directly compare their thalamocortical connections. We found that the somatosensory thalamus is composed of several representations of cutaneous and deep receptors of the contralateral body. These nuclei include the ventral posterior nucleus (VP), the ventral posterior superior nucleus (VPs), the ventral posterior inferior nucleus (VPi), and the ventral lateral nucleus (VLp). Each nucleus projects to several different cortical fields, and each cortical field receives projections from multiple thalamic nuclei. In contrast to other sensory systems, each of these somatosensory cortical fields is uniquely innervated by multiple thalamic nuclei. These data indicate that multiple inputs are processed simultaneously within and across several, ‘hierarchically connected’ cortical fields.

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“…Interestingly, invasive studies in non-human primates [48]–[50] and in vivo studies in humans [51], [52] showed that some of the cortical structures lesioned in pusher syndrome, namely the insular cortex and the postcentral gyrus [16], have direct connections with the ventroposterior and the lateral posterior nuclei of the posterior thalamus, i.e. with those thalamic strucutres typically found affected when patients exhibit pushing behaviour [13], [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfusion Imaging in Pusher Syndrome to Investigate the Neural Substrates Involved in Controlling Upright Body Position

Ticini

Klose²,

Nägele³

et al. 2009

PLoS ONE

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Brain damage may induce a dysfunction of upright body position termed “pusher syndrome”. Patients with such disorder suffer from an alteration of their sense of body verticality. They experience their body as oriented upright when actually tilted nearly 20 degrees to the ipsilesional side. Pusher syndrome typically is associated with posterior thalamic stroke; less frequently with extra-thalamic lesions. This argued for a fundamental role of these structures in our control of upright body posture. Here we investigated whether such patients may show additional functional or metabolic abnormalities outside the areas of brain lesion. We investigated 19 stroke patients with thalamic or with extra-thalamic lesions showing versus not showing misperception of body orientation. We measured fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). This allowed us to determine the structural damage as well as to identify the malperfused but structural intact tissue. Pusher patients with thalamic lesions did not show dysfunctional brain areas in addition to the ones found to be structurally damaged. In the pusher patients with extra-thalamic lesions, the thalamus was neither structurally damaged nor malperfused. Rather, these patients showed small regions of abnormal perfusion in the structurally intact inferior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and parietal white matter. The results indicate that these extra-thalamic brain areas contribute to the network controlling upright body posture. The data also suggest that damage of the neural tissue in the posterior thalamus itself rather than additional malperfusion in distant cortical areas is associated with pusher syndrome. Hence, it seems as if the normal functioning of both extra-thalamic as well as posterior thalamic structures is integral to perceiving gravity and controlling upright body orientation in humans.

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Thalamocortical connections of anterior and posterior parietal cortical areas in New World titi monkeys

Cited by 21 publications

References 77 publications

Congenital foot deformation alters the topographic organization in the primate somatosensory system

Congenital foot deformation alters the topographic organization in the primate somatosensory system

Thalamocortical Connections of Parietal Somatosensory Cortical Fields in Macaque Monkeys are Highly Divergent and Convergent

Perfusion Imaging in Pusher Syndrome to Investigate the Neural Substrates Involved in Controlling Upright Body Position

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