“…Consequently, the ideal mimicking for bone regeneration must include multi-dopant HAP which reinforced with architectural fibers to balance between rigidity and flexibility of both ceramic and fiber. Synthetic HAP as a ceramic has its drawbacks; low mechanical properties restrict its load applications 18 ; however, HAP structure is tolerant to the ionic substitutions, 9,19,20 whereas substitution of trace elements may modify its physicochemical/biological behavior dramatically 9,19,21,22 such as; (Ag + , Ti 4+ , Zn 2+ , Sr 2+ , and SeO 3 2 − ) to show antibacterial activity, 23 (Mg 2+ and ZrO 2+ ) 23,24 to enhance its mechanical properties, (Eu 3+ and Gd 3+ ) to induce luminescence features, 25 or with Si 2+ , Sr 2+ , and F − to improve its osteoconduction. 26 In addition, it could be mentioned that the higher valence of the dopant than the host ion may enhance the bioactivity of the whole composition.…”