“…13 Thus, maternology and childcare were inspired by a notion of collective progress for the regeneration of the race and the nation. 14 The practical expression of these concerns resulted in a combination of governmental projects, in the form of increasing state intervention, and other initiatives emanating from civil society, with a notable protagonism of activists and professionals, on the margins of, in collaboration with or in substitution of the stateas happened in the early stages of the civil war. State action was felt, for example, in the founding in 1926 of the National School of Puericulture to train teachers and visiting nurses specialising in maternal upbringing and the prevention of childhood illnesses.…”