Thaxtomin biosynthesis: the path to plant pathogenicity in the genus Streptomyces

Loria, Rosemary; Bignell, Dawn R. D.; Moll, Simon; Huguet‐Tapia, José C.; Joshi, M. S.; Johnson, Evan G.; Seipke, Ryan F.; Gibson, Donna M.

doi:10.1007/s10482-008-9240-4

Cited by 174 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Common scab is not caused by a single species, but rather a species complex within the Streptomyces genus (Loria et al 1997;Wanner 2009). Reports of various scab-causing species found within the same field and within the same lesion have led to investigations on species relatedness to specific symptoms and on the sensitivity of species to different environmental conditions (Lindholm et al 1997;Bouchek-Meciche et al 2000;Krištůfek et al 2000;Aittamaa et al 2008;Wiechel and Crump 2010;Khodakaramian and Khodakaramian 2012;Tashiro et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptomyces species associated with common scab lesions of potatoes in South Africa

Jordaan

Waals

2015

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Streptomyces scabiei is largely accepted as the causal organism of common scab on potato in South Africa, and other Streptomyces species associated with common scab are not often considered. This study therefore aims to determine the diversity and prevalence of Streptomycetes associated with common scab on potatoes in South Africa.Isolates from 11 of the 16 potato producing regions in South Africa were characterized morphologically, physiologically and genetically. Most isolates resembled S. scabiei based on morphology and physiology. Most pathogenic isolates were S. scabiei and S. stelliscabiei, and no S. acidiscabies or S. turgidiscabies isolates were found. All three pathogenicity / virulence genes (txtAB, nec1, tomA) were found in South African isolates.Pathogenicity could not be linked to the presence of a single one or any combination of two of the three genes.These results represent the most comprehensive published survey of Streptomycetes isolated from common scab lesions on potatoes in South Africa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptomyces species associated with common scab lesions of potatoes in South Africa

Jordaan

Waals

2015

Eur J Plant Pathol

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“…Thaxtomin A (TXT) is a nitrated dipeptide phytotoxin produced by all plant-pathogenic of the Streptomyces species. 5,6 TXT inhibits the cellulose synthesis, suggesting that cell wall is one of the main target of TXT. 7,8 In the roots of different species, TXT stimulates H + efflux across plasma membrane (PM) and a short lived Ca 2+ influx, inhibited by La 3+ , a PM Ca 2+ channel inhibitor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two different signaling pathways for thaxtomin A-induced cell death in Arabidopsis and tobacco BY2

Meimoun¹,

Tran²,

Baz³

et al. 2009

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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of defence-related genes. 1,2 Additionally, plants often induce a hypersensitive response (HR) characterized by a localized cell death often associated with disease resistance. 3 This form of programmed cell death (PCD) 4 requires gene expression and metabolic activities 3 that displays apoptosis-like features. Thaxtomin A (TXT) is a nitrated dipeptide phytotoxin produced by all plant-pathogenic of the Streptomyces species. 5,6 TXT inhibits the cellulose synthesis, suggesting that cell wall is one of the main target of TXT. 7,8 In the roots of different species, TXT stimulates H + efflux across plasma membrane (PM) and a short lived Ca 2+ influx, inhibited by La 3+ , a PM Ca 2+ channel inhibitor. 9 TXT also induces cell death depending on active gene transcription and de novo protein synthesis, which are PCD hallmarks. 10 We recently reported new insights regarding the effect of TXT 11 by using A. thaliana suspension cells, a convenient material for studying early physiological events induced by pathogens. 10,[12][13][14][15] We showed that the transient increase in [Ca 2+ ] cyt was a key step of a further signaling pathway leading to the death of the cells in response to a TXT accordingly to previous studies which showed that Ca 2+ activity changes are involved in PCD in plant, as in animal. 16,17 Fast rises in [Ca 2+ ] cyt are effectively also frequently described as one of the earliest responses to various microbial phytotoxins and elicitors 18,19 and numerous studies led to the conclusion that activation of defence responses depends on Ca 2+ influxes from the apoplast into the cytosol of plant cells. 16 Notably, elicitor-induced uptake of Ca 2+ from the extracellular medium was shown to be required for the controlled generation of H 2 O 2 , 20-22 the activation of MAPK pathways, 2,23 the activation of defence related genes 24 and production of phytoalexin. 16 In the present work, we extended our study by comparing the TXT-induced responses in A. thaliana and N. tabacum BY2 suspension cells. The cell death detection experiments and Ca 2+ assay we performed demonstrate that the signal transduction pathways leading to the cell death in response to TXT are different in these two plant models.Arabidopsis thaliana L. suspension cells were grown in Gamborg medium (pH 5.8) and Nicotiana tabacum BY2 suspension cells were grown in Murashige and Skoog medium (pH 5.8). All experiments were performed using log-phase cells (4 days after sub-culture for Arabidopsis and 6 days for BY2). Cell death was quantified using [Plant Signaling & Behavior 4:2, 142-144; February 2009] ; ©2009 Landes BioscienceThaxtomin A (TXT) is a phytotoxin produced by all plantpathogenic Streptomyces scabies involved in the potato scab disease. Their pathogenicity was previously correlated with the production of TXT. Calcium is known to be an essential second messenger associated with pathogen-induced plant responses and cell death. We have effectively shown that in Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspensions, TXT induces an early short lived Ca 2+ inf...

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“…These opposite trends for common scab and black scurf between the two cycles of rotations were probably related to different environmental conditions since R. solani was favored by low temperature in the cropping season of 2009 (Table 1) as showed by Harrison [66], while S. scabies was promoted by high temperature in 2011 and low levels of precipitation (Table 1) as recorded by Loria et al [67]. The incidence of black scurf was significantly influenced by the preceding crops and N fertilizer application, and the interaction was significant (Table 8).…”

Section: Incidence Of Common Scab and Black Scurfmentioning

confidence: 83%

The Benefits of Crop Rotation Including Cereals and Green Manures on Potato Yield and Nitrogen Nutrition and Soil Properties

N’Dayegamiye¹,

Nyiraneza²,

Grenier³

et al. 2017

Adv Crop Sci Tech

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Soil quality decline is a common concern in potato production systems. Including cereals and green manures (GMs) in potato rotation could improve soil productivity and sustain potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yields and quality. This experiment initiated in Québec, eastern Canada, assessed the effects of two cycles of 2-yr potato rotations with cereals and GMs on soil properties and potato yield and quality, and on disease incidence -1 ) were applied to potato. After two rotation cycles in 2011, soils under cereals and summer and fall GMs had higher soil water-extractable organic C and N contents, nitrate levels, soil respiration, urease and dehydrogenase activities, and a larger proportion of soil macro aggregates (0.25 to 2 mm), compared with the continuous potato. Cereals and summer GMs increased marketable potato yield and specific gravity, whereas fall GMs increased tuber yield but reduced tuber quality. In addition, fall GMs favored the incidence of common scab and black scurf. Summer GMs had higher potato N uptake and N efficiency compared to cereals and fall GMs. Although fall GMs produced higher net returns than cereals and summer GMs, they may not represent a viable long term option to sustain potato production and to enhance soil quality. Results indicated that growing cereals or summer GMs in rotation with potato is an interesting alternative to improve soil properties while sustaining potato yield and quality. A fall GM with a better growth during the fall season may sustain potato yield and quality, if included in longer potato rotation, but this remains to be determined.

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Thaxtomin biosynthesis: the path to plant pathogenicity in the genus Streptomyces

Cited by 174 publications

References 34 publications

Streptomyces species associated with common scab lesions of potatoes in South Africa

Streptomyces species associated with common scab lesions of potatoes in South Africa

Two different signaling pathways for thaxtomin A-induced cell death in Arabidopsis and tobacco BY2

The Benefits of Crop Rotation Including Cereals and Green Manures on Potato Yield and Nitrogen Nutrition and Soil Properties

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