The 10,000-Year Success Story of Wheat!

Sousa, Telma de; Ribeiro, Miguel; Sabença, Carolina; Igrejas, Gilberto

doi:10.3390/foods10092124

Cited by 79 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(203 reference statements)

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“…After thousands of years of empirical selection and breeding, modern cultivated tetraploid wheat and hexaploid wheat were formed and widely cultivated, accompanying morphological, phenotypical, and physiological changes [31,48,71]. The domestication and evolution led to modern cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheat superseding einkorn, emmer, and spelt wheat, which are treated as relic crops with minor economic importance [1,21]. Einkorn was used at the beginning of agriculture in Europe, whereas its cultivation started to decline in the Bronze Age, probably due to the emergence of freethreshing wheat [60,114].…”

Section: Importance and Breeding Challenge Of Durum Wheatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wheat is one of the main cereal crops in the world and a major source of carbohydrates and proteins in the human diet [1][2][3]. An adequate supply of wheat and its processed products (i.e., flour, bread, pasta, biscuit, bear) [4][5][6] can not only ensure food security and social stability but also enrich dietary diversity and avoid malnutrition [2,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement and Re-Evolution of Tetraploid Wheat for Global Environmental Challenge and Diversity Consumption Demand

Yang

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Allotetraploid durum wheat is the second most widely cultivated wheat, following hexaploid bread wheat, and is one of the major protein and calorie sources of the human diet. However, durum wheat is encountered with a severe grain yield bottleneck due to the erosion of genetic diversity stemming from long-term domestication and especially modern breeding programs. The improvement of yield and grain quality of durum wheat is crucial when confronted with the increasing global population, changing climate environments, and the non-ignorable increasing incidence of wheat-related disorders. This review summarized the domestication and evolution process and discussed the durum wheat re-evolution attempts performed by global researchers using diploid einkorn, tetraploid emmer wheat, hexaploid wheat (particularly the D-subgenome), etc. In addition, the re-evolution of durum wheat would be promoted by the genetic enrichment process, which could diversify allelic combinations through enhancing chromosome recombination (pentaploid hybridization or pairing of homologous chromosomes gene Ph mutant line induced homoeologous recombination) and environmental adaptability via alien introgressive genes (wide cross or distant hybridization followed by embryo rescue), and modifying target genes or traits by molecular approaches, such as CRISPR/Cas9 or RNA interference (RNAi). A brief discussion of the future perspectives for exploring germplasm for the modern improvement and re-evolution of durum wheat is included.

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Section: Importance and Breeding Challenge Of Durum Wheatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement and Re-Evolution of Tetraploid Wheat for Global Environmental Challenge and Diversity Consumption Demand

Yang

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important grain crops and widely cultivated worldwide [ 1 ]. In the face of global climate change, increasing wheat grain yield with limited land and water resources still meets great challenges [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining QTL mapping and gene co-expression network analysis for prediction of candidate genes and molecular network related to yield in wheat

Wei

Jiang

et al. 2022

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop. Increasing grain yield for wheat is always a priority. Due to the complex genome of hexaploid wheat with 21 chromosomes, it is difficult to identify underlying genes by traditional genetic approach. The combination of genetics and omics analysis has displayed the powerful capability to identify candidate genes for major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), but such studies have rarely been carried out in wheat. In this study, candidate genes related to yield were predicted by a combined use of linkage mapping and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in a recombinant inbred line population. Results QTL mapping was performed for plant height (PH), spike length (SL) and seed traits. A total of 68 QTLs were identified for them, among which, 12 QTLs were stably identified across different environments. Using RNA sequencing, we scanned the 99,168 genes expression patterns of the whole spike for the recombinant inbred line population. By the combined use of QTL mapping and WGCNA, 29, 47, 20, 26, 54, 46 and 22 candidate genes were predicted for PH, SL, kernel length (KL), kernel width, thousand kernel weight, seed dormancy, and seed vigor, respectively. Candidate genes for different traits had distinct preferences. The known PH regulation genes Rht-B and Rht-D, and the known seed dormancy regulation genes TaMFT can be selected as candidate gene. Moreover, further experiment revealed that there was a SL regulatory QTL located in an interval of about 7 Mbp on chromosome 7A, named TaSL1, which also involved in the regulation of KL. Conclusions A combination of QTL mapping and WGCNA was applied to predicted wheat candidate genes for PH, SL and seed traits. This strategy will facilitate the identification of candidate genes for related QTLs in wheat. In addition, the QTL TaSL1 that had multi-effect regulation of KL and SL was identified, which can be used for wheat improvement. These results provided valuable molecular marker and gene information for fine mapping and cloning of the yield-related trait loci in the future.

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“…As one of the world’s top three food crops [ 1 ], wheat is cultivated world-wide due to its unique adaptability and high yield [ 2 ]. Wheat is especially highly appreciated because of its ability to make dough from its flour for preparing baked food products with characteristic taste, smell and high nutritional value [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat Amylase Trypsin Inhibitors Aggravate Intestinal Inflammation Associated with Celiac Disease Mediated by Gliadin in BALB/c Mice

Min

et al. 2022

Foods

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Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune intestinal disorder caused by the ingestion of gluten in people who carry the susceptible gene. In current celiac disease research, wheat gluten is often the main target of attention, neglecting the role played by non-gluten proteins. This study aimed to describe the effects of wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATI, non-gluten proteins) and gliadin in BALB/c mice while exploring the further role of relevant adjuvants (cholera toxin, polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid and dextran sulfate sodium) intervention. An ex vivo splenocyte and intestinal tissue were collected for analysis of the inflammatory profile. The consumption of gliadin and ATI caused intestinal inflammation in mice. Moreover, the histopathology staining of four intestinal sections (duodenum, jejunum, terminal ileum, and middle colon) indicated that adjuvants, especially polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid, enhanced the villi damage and crypt hyperplasia in co-stimulation with ATI and gliadin murine model. Immunohistochemical results showed that tissue transglutaminase and IL-15 expression were significantly increased in the jejunal tissue of mice treated with ATI and gliadin. Similarly, the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-13) and Th1/Th2 balance also showed that the inflammation response was significantly increased after co-stimulation with ATI and gliadin. This study provided new evidence for the role of wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors in the pathogenesis of celiac disease.

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The 10,000-Year Success Story of Wheat!

Cited by 79 publications

References 142 publications

Improvement and Re-Evolution of Tetraploid Wheat for Global Environmental Challenge and Diversity Consumption Demand

Improvement and Re-Evolution of Tetraploid Wheat for Global Environmental Challenge and Diversity Consumption Demand

Combining QTL mapping and gene co-expression network analysis for prediction of candidate genes and molecular network related to yield in wheat

Wheat Amylase Trypsin Inhibitors Aggravate Intestinal Inflammation Associated with Celiac Disease Mediated by Gliadin in BALB/c Mice

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