Two ganglioside molecular species [GAA‐6 (1) and GAA‐7 (4)] have been obtained from the water‐soluble lipid fraction of the chloroform/methanol extract of the whole bodies of the starfish Asterias amurensis versicolor Sladen. The structures of these ganglioside molecular species have been determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic findings. GAA‐6 (1) is a starfish ganglioside molecular species resembling a mammalian brain ganglioside, GM3. In contrast, GAA‐7 (4) is assigned the same structure as that of the main ganglioside[3] from Asterias amurensis[4] for the oligosaccharide moiety. Partial hydrolysis of oligosaccharide moieties with hot water or dilute acetic acid has proved useful for the structure elucidation of the ganglioside molecular species. Moreover, the Mayn ganglioside molecular species, GAA‐7 (4), shows neuritogenic and growth‐inhibitory activities towards the mouse neuroblastoma cell line (Neuro 2a). The structure‐activity relationship of starfish gangliosides is also discussed.