The 13th Annual International Symposium in obesity: bariatric/metabolic surgery: how it influences energy balance regulation

Richard, Denis; Boisvert, P

doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.139

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…There is also a growing incidence of infantile obesity (Bua et al, 2007; Patton et al, 2011), i.e., an accelerated presentation of metabolic syndrome diseases fairly shortly after exposure to environmental (i.e., diet, sedentary behavior) obesogenic conditions (Butte, 2009; Tamayo et al, 2010; Bleich et al, 2011; Guinhouya et al, 2011). Why the delay between triggering factors and disease manifestation is much shorter in children than in adults?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do the Interactions between Glucocorticoids and Sex Hormones Regulate the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome?

Alemany¹

2012

Front. Endocrin.

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The metabolic syndrome is basically a maturity-onset disease. Typically, its manifestations begin to flourish years after the initial dietary or environmental aggression began. Since most hormonal, metabolic, or defense responses are practically immediate, the procrastinated response do not seem justified. Only in childhood, the damages of the metabolic syndrome appear with minimal delay. Sex affects the incidence of the metabolic syndrome, but this is more an effect of timing than absolute gender differences, females holding better than males up to menopause, when the differences between sexes tend to disappear. The metabolic syndrome is related to an immune response, countered by a permanent increase in glucocorticoids, which keep the immune system at bay but also induce insulin resistance, alter the lipid metabolism, favor fat deposition, mobilize protein, and decrease androgen synthesis. Androgens limit the operation of glucocorticoids, which is also partly blocked by estrogens, since they decrease inflammation (which enhances glucocorticoid release). These facts suggest that the appearance of the metabolic syndrome symptoms depends on the strength (i.e., levels) of androgens and estrogens. The predominance of glucocorticoids and the full manifestation of the syndrome in men are favored by decreased androgen activity. Low androgens can be found in infancy, maturity, advanced age, or because of their inhibition by glucocorticoids (inflammation, stress, medical treatment). Estrogens decrease inflammation and reduce the glucocorticoid response. Low estrogen (infancy, menopause) again allow the predominance of glucocorticoids and the manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. It is postulated that the equilibrium between sex hormones and glucocorticoids may be a critical element in the timing of the manifestation of metabolic syndrome-related pathologies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do the Interactions between Glucocorticoids and Sex Hormones Regulate the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome?

Alemany¹

2012

Front. Endocrin.

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“…17 In October 2010, the thirteenth symposium focused on how 'Bariatric/metabolic surgery influences the energy balance regulation'. 18 In November 2011, the fourteenth symposium focused on 'High-fat feeding'. 19 For more details about previous symposia, please visit our website at http:// obesity.ulaval.ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 15th International Symposium in obesity: G-protein-coupled receptors in energy homeostasis

Richard

2014

Int J Obes Supp

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G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are markedly involved in energy homeostasis. In recent years, progress has been made in deciphering the action of some of the GPCRs that are majorly involved in energy metabolism. In that respect, the Université Laval Research Chair in Obesity held the 15th edition of the Annual International Symposium to sum up the current knowledge around the metabolic role played by the GPCRs. Ten international experts (eight speakers, two session chairs) were invited to participate in the symposium, which represents one of the main initiatives of the Université Laval Research Chair in Obesity (led by Dr Denis Richard), whose mission is to promote research and the dissemination of knowledge in regard to the etiology, consequences, treatment and prevention of obesity. Every aspect of the metabolic actions that are mediated by the GPCRs were addressed.The relentless rise in obesity over the last 30 years has brought the obesity prevalence to unprecedented levels in most countries. Global estimates by the World Health Organization indicate that the epidemic of obesity is still on the rise worldwide. In 2008, more than 1.4 billion adults were overweight, of whom 200 million men and 300 million women were obese. In addition, more than 40 million children under the age of 5 were overweight in 2010. 1 It is further estimated that 44% of the diabetes burden, 23% of the ischaemic heart disease burden and 7--41% of the burden of certain cancers are attributable to the global epidemics of overweight and obesity. 1 The situation is all the more preoccupying as the prevalence of morbid or massive obesity, known as class III or extreme obesity (body mass index 440 kg m À2 ), is rising twice as fast as the prevalence of obesity (body mass index 30 kg m À2 ; www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity_adult_07_08/ obesity_adult_07_08.pdf). Massive obesity is not easily treated and often requires surgery. Obesity and the ensuing (and often occurring) fat deposition in the abdominal cavity, liver, heart, pancreas and muscle tissue (ectopic fat) leads to major metabolic impairments including type-2 diabetes, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, and greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. 2 The inability of current approaches to curb the obesity epidemic calls for a reappraisal of these approaches and points towards a need to find alternative means for the prevention and management of obesity and related diseases.Obesity consists in excess body fat due to an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, which represents the two inescapable determinants of energy balance. The understanding of the complex controls exerted on these determinants is essential to decipher the causes of excess fat deposition and to envision effective strategies to prevent or reverse obesity. The controls of food intake and energy expenditure are assured by interconnected neurons of various brain regions, which include the hypothalamus. These neurons express various receptor types and produce different...

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“…11 In October 2010, the 13th symposium focused on how 'Bariatric/ metabolic surgery influences the energy balance regulation'. 12 For more details about previous symposia, please visit our website at http://obesity.ulaval.ca.…”

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confidence: 99%

The 14th annual international symposium in obesity—high-fat feeding: worse than once thought

Richard

Boisvert²

2012

Int J Obes Supp

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The 13th Annual International Symposium in obesity: bariatric/metabolic surgery: how it influences energy balance regulation

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Do the Interactions between Glucocorticoids and Sex Hormones Regulate the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome?

Do the Interactions between Glucocorticoids and Sex Hormones Regulate the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome?

The 15th International Symposium in obesity: G-protein-coupled receptors in energy homeostasis

The 14th annual international symposium in obesity—high-fat feeding: worse than once thought

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