The 1918 influenza pandemic affected sex differentials in mortality: Comment on Sawchuk

Noymer, Andrew

doi:10.1002/ajpa.21405

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Rather, vital and historical records suggest that the general health of Newfoundland populations was poor far beyond the end of 1939. These results, however, should not and do not negate the significance of the work on selective TB mortality done in the United States, and this paper does not seek to fundamentally reframe the observations initially made by Abbott (1922) and expanded upon by Noymer and Garenne (2000) and Noymer (2009Noymer ( , 2010Noymer ( , 2011. Instead, we seek to acknowledge variation in these post-pandemic patterns for populations at different stages of transitioning to lower infectious disease mortality levels, which is critical to modern-day applications of anthropology, demography, and epidemiology.…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 78%

The 1918 influenza pandemic did not accelerate tuberculosis mortality decline in early‐20th century Newfoundland: Investigating historical and social explanations

Doren

Sattenspiel

2021

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: The selective mortality hypothesis of tuberculosis after the 1918 influenza pandemic, laid out by Noymer and colleagues, suggests that acute exposure or pre-existing infection with tuberculosis (TB) increased the probability of pneumonia and influenza (P&I) mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic, leading to a hastened decline of TB mortality in post-pandemic years. This study describes cultural determinants of the post-pandemic TB mortality patterns in Newfoundland and evaluates whether there is support for this observation. Materials and methods: Death records and historical documents from the ProvincialArchives of Newfoundland and Labrador were used to calculate age-standardized island-wide and sex-based TB mortality, as well as region-level TB mortality, for 1900-1939. The Joinpoint Regression Program (version 4.8.0.1) was used to estimate statistically significant changes in mortality rates.Results: Island-wide, females had consistently higher TB mortality for the duration of the study period and a significant shift to lower TB mortality beginning in 1928.There was no similar predicted significant decline for males. On the regional level, no models predicted a significant decline after the 1918 influenza pandemic, except for the West, where significant decline was predicted in the late-1930s. Discussion: Although there was no significant decline in TB mortality observed immediately post-pandemic, as has been shown for other Western nations, the female post-pandemic pattern suggests a decline much later. The general lack of significant decrease in TB mortality rate is likely due to Newfoundland's poor nutrition and lack of centralized healthcare rather than a biological interaction between P&I and TB.

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Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 78%

The 1918 influenza pandemic did not accelerate tuberculosis mortality decline in early‐20th century Newfoundland: Investigating historical and social explanations

Doren

Sattenspiel

2021

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…The higher activity of innate immune system in women, which is mediated by Toll-like receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors, and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors, may lead to a faster and higher recognition of viral components and consequently higher production of type 1 interferon (IFN) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNFs) ( 21 ). For instance, in the United States, the 1918 influenza pandemic was associated with a higher mortality rate in men than women ( 22 ). Male gender could also be associated with higher mortality rate in herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) respiratory infection.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in the United States, the 1918 influenza pandemic was associated with a higher mortality rate in men than women (22). Male gender could also be associated with higher mortality rate in herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) respiratory infection.…”

Section: Smoking and Drinking Habitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19 Kills More Men Than Women: An Overview of Possible Reasons

Capuano

Rossi

Paolisso

2020

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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The high mortality observed in Covid-19 patients may be related to unrecognized pulmonary embolism, pulmonary thrombosis, or other underlying cardiovascular diseases. Recent data have highlighted that the mortality rate of Covid-19 seems to be higher in male patients compared to females. In this paper, we have analyzed possible factors that may underline this sex difference in terms of activity of the immune system and its modulation by sex hormones, coagulation pattern, and preexisting cardiovascular diseases as well as effects deriving from smoking and drinking habits. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effects of sex differences on the prevalence of infections, including Covid-19, its outcome, and the responses to antiviral treatments.

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“…This paper specifically deals with tuberculosis. All-cause mortality, as it relates to the selection hypothesis, is discussed in Noymer (2010), and in the references therein.…”

Section: Background and Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 1918 influenza pandemic hastened the decline of tuberculosis in the United States: An age, period, cohort analysis

Noymer

2011

Vaccine

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The effect of the 1918 influenza pandemic on other diseases is a neglected topic in historical epidemiology. This paper takes up the hypothesis that the influenza pandemic affected the long-term decline of tuberculosis though selective mortality, such that many people with tuberculosis were killed in 1918, depressing subsequent tuberculosis mortality and transmission. Regularly-collected vital statistics data on mortality of influenza and tuberculosis in the US are presented and analyzed demographically. The available population-level data fail to contradict the selection hypothesis. More work is needed to understand fully the role of multiple morbidities in the 1918 influenza pandemic.

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The 1918 influenza pandemic affected sex differentials in mortality: Comment on Sawchuk

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

The 1918 influenza pandemic did not accelerate tuberculosis mortality decline in early‐20th century Newfoundland: Investigating historical and social explanations

The 1918 influenza pandemic did not accelerate tuberculosis mortality decline in early‐20th century Newfoundland: Investigating historical and social explanations

Covid-19 Kills More Men Than Women: An Overview of Possible Reasons

The 1918 influenza pandemic hastened the decline of tuberculosis in the United States: An age, period, cohort analysis

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