The 1918 Influenza Pandemic and Its Legacy

Taubenberger, Jeffery K.; Morens, David M.

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a038695

Cited by 94 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(170 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…IAV transmission from zoonotic reservoirs into humans has caused the last 4 influenza pandemics: 1918 H1N1 Spanish flu, 1957 H2N2 Asian flu, 1968 H3N2 Hong Kong flu, and 2009 H1N1. 1 – 3 The SARS-CoV epidemic occurred between 2002 and 2004 and infected ≈8000 people with at least 774 deaths worldwide. 4 – 6 MERS-CoV appeared in 2012 and infected ≈2500 people with over ≈850 deaths, and cases still occur.…”

Section: Pandemic Respiratory Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coagulation Abnormalities and Thrombosis in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pandemic Viruses

Mackman

Antoniak

Wolberg

et al. 2020

ATVB

176

148

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The world is amid a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus causes serious respiratory tract infections that can lead to viral pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death. Some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have an activated coagulation system characterized by elevated plasma levels of d -dimer—a biomarker of fibrin degradation. Importantly, high levels of D -dimer on hospital admission are associated with increased risk of mortality. Venous thromboembolism is more common than arterial thromboembolism in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Pulmonary thrombosis and microvascular thrombosis are observed in autopsy studies, and this may contribute to the severe hypoxia observed in COVID-19 patients. It is likely that multiple systems contribute to thrombosis in COVID-19 patients, such as activation of coagulation, platelet activation, hypofibrinolysis, endothelial cell dysfunction, inflammation, neutrophil extracellular traps, and complement. Targeting these different pathways may reduce thrombosis and improve lung function in COVID-19 patients.

show abstract

Section: Pandemic Respiratory Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coagulation Abnormalities and Thrombosis in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pandemic Viruses

Mackman

Antoniak

Wolberg

et al. 2020

ATVB

176

148

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Considering the rapid spread of the SARS-2 coronavirus and its mortality rate, which exceeds that of the 1918-19 influenza epidemic, a vaccine is urgently needed [3]. Multiple candidates have been proposed and many are in clinical trials, but the question remains as to whether emergency use of a SARS-2 vaccine should await collection of controlled data from large populations that are experiencing epidemic SARS-2 disease or whether to expedite vaccination by moving quickly through animal studies and doing human challenge studies in volunteers [4].…”

Section: Extraordinary Diseases Require Extraordinary Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraordinary diseases require extraordinary solutions

Plotkin

Caplan

2020

Vaccine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…One hundred years back, the influenza virus triggered the 1918 “Spanish Flu” pandemic, which caused an extraordinary mortality of 50–100 million deaths ( 52 ). However, in those days obesity was not wide spread in the society, rather undernutrition was an issue.…”

Section: Influenza Virus Infection In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

From Influenza Virus to Novel Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2)–The Contribution of Obesity

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

From the beginning of 2020, the governments and the health systems around the world are tackling infections and fatalities caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) resulting in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus pandemic has turned more complicated as individuals with co-morbidities like diabetes, cardiovascular conditions and obesity are at a high risk of acquiring infection and suffering from a more severe course of disease. Prolonged viral infection and obesity are independently known to lower the immune response and a combination can thus result in a “cytokine storm” and a substantial weakening of the immune system. With the rise in obesity cases globally, the chances that obese individuals will acquire infection and need hospitalization are heightened. In this review, we discuss why obesity, a low-grade chronic inflammation, contributes toward the increased severity in COVID-19 patients. We suggest that increased inflammation, activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, elevated adipokines and higher ectopic fat may be the factors contributing to the disease severity, in particular deteriorating the cardiovascular and lung function, in obese individuals. We look at the many lessons learnt from the 2009 H1N1 influenza A pandemic and relate it to the very little but fast incoming information that is available from the SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with overweight and obesity.

show abstract

The 1918 Influenza Pandemic and Its Legacy

Cited by 94 publications

References 116 publications

Coagulation Abnormalities and Thrombosis in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pandemic Viruses

Coagulation Abnormalities and Thrombosis in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pandemic Viruses

Extraordinary diseases require extraordinary solutions

From Influenza Virus to Novel Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2)–The Contribution of Obesity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About