The 1918 Influenza Pandemic Versus COVID-19: A Historical Perspective From an Italian Point of View

Abstract

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has a major precedent almost exactly a century ago: the world-famous H1N1 influenza virus pandemic, sometimes known to the general public as the Spanish flu. From a history of medicine perspective, it is possible to underline many potential common traits between the two. In this article, hygiene and prophylaxis strategies are analyzed in a review of the most popular Italian general medical journals at the time of Spanish flu, Il Policlinico being the most representative of them. The analysis included 40 original journal articles as well as important references to the most influential coeval national manuals and international journals. The main issues in the context of public hygiene are prophylaxis with quinine and quinine derivatives, vaccinations, face masks, disinfection, and social distancing. We draw a comparison between these and the most recent international World Health Organization and Italian national guidelines on the topic. Sadly, little has changed since those times in terms of most of the prevention techniques, even with technical improvements, showing how shortsighted doctors and physicians can be when dealing with medical history. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print September 2, 2021: e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306455 )

Neurological post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

“…The COVID-19 pandemic is the most devastating and serious since the 1918 influenza pandemic. 154,155 Although there is no definite evidence of a correlation between the so-called Spanish flu of 1918 and encephalitis lethargica, 156,157 there is a possibility that autoimmune triggers may be associated with encephalitis lethargica after influenza infection. 156 Similar symptoms of PASC were reported in patients with the so-called Russian flu (1889 and 1892).…”