The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington

Lipman, Peter W.; Mullineaux, Donal Ray

doi:10.3133/pp1250

Cited by 285 publications

(151 citation statements)

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“…Permeability results from the combination of various conduit processes related to magma vesiculation and crystallization that accompany magma rise from chamber/dykes along the conduit to the surface and/or to the formation of fractures due to shear fragmentation (Gonnermann and Manga, 2003;Tuffen and Dingwell, 2005). It is a key parameter in the transition from effusive to explosive volcanism (Eichelberger et al, 1986;Jaupart and Allegre, 1991;Woods and Koyaguchi, 1994;Kozono and Koyaguchi, 2009a,b;Degruyter et al, 2012), for example in the catastrophic failure from dome-forming eruptions to Vulcanian/Plinian behaviour (Lipman and Mullineaux, 1981;Herd et al, 2005). Permeability is also responsible for the quiescent gas loss from persistently degassing volcanoes (Oppenheimer et al, 2003), through formation of networks of continuously connected vesicles , where gas percolates and can exit the volcanic system non-explosively (Burton et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability measurements of Campi Flegrei pyroclastic products: An example from the Campanian Ignimbrite and Monte Nuovo eruptions

Polacci

Maisonneuve

Giordano

et al. 2014

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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In order to understand outgassing during volcanic eruptions, we performed permeability measurements on trachy-phonolitic pyroclastic products from the Campanian Ignimbrite and Monte Nuovo, two explosive eruptions from the active Campi Flegrei caldera, Southern Italy. Viscous (Darcian) permeability spans a wide range between 1.22 × 10 −14 and 9.31 × 10 −11 m 2 . Inertial (non-Darcian) permeability follows the same trend as viscous permeability: it increases as viscous permeability increases, highlighting the strong direct correlation between these two parameters. We observe that vesicularity does not exert a first order control on permeability: the Monte Nuovo scoria clasts are the most permeable samples but not the most vesicular; pumice clasts from the Campanian Ignimbrite proximal facies, whose vesicularity is comparable with that of Monte Nuovo scoriae, are instead the least permeable. In addition, we find that sample geometry exhibits permeability anisotropy as samples oriented parallel to vesicle elongation are more permeable than those oriented perpendicular. We compare our results with permeability values of volcanic products from effusive and explosive activity, and discuss the role of melt viscosity and crystallinity on magma permeability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability measurements of Campi Flegrei pyroclastic products: An example from the Campanian Ignimbrite and Monte Nuovo eruptions

Polacci

Maisonneuve

Giordano

et al. 2014

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…Within a year, a monograph of initial observations and interpretations of the 18 May cataclysm and summer events was published [Lipman and Mullineaux, 1981]. News of the eruption fueled interest of veteran scientists and fi red imaginations of aspiring volcanologists around the world.…”

Section: The Next Decadementioning

confidence: 99%

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union Volume 91, Number 19, 11 May 2010

2010

EoS Transactions

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“…Within a year, a monograph of initial observations and interpretations of the 18 May cataclysm and summer events was published [Lipman and Mullineaux, 1981]. News of the eruption fueled interest of veteran scientists and fired imaginations of aspiring volcanologists around the world.…”

Section: The Next Decadementioning

confidence: 99%

Mount St. Helens: A 30‐Year Legacy of Volcanism

et al. 2010

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The spectacular eruption of Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1980 electrified scientists and the public. Photodocumentation of the colossal landslide, directed blast, and ensuing eruption column-which reached as high as 25 kilometers in altitude and lasted for nearly 9 hours-made news worldwide. Reconnaissance of the devastation spurred efforts to understand the power and awe of those moments (Figure 1).The eruption remains a seminal historical event-studying it and its aftermath revolutionized the way scientists approach the field of volcanology. Not only was the eruption spectacular, but also it occurred in daytime, at an accessible volcano, in a country with the resources to transform disaster into scientific opportunity, amid a transformation in digital technology. Lives lost and the impact of the eruption on people and infrastructure downstream and downwind made it imperative for scientists to investigate events and work with communities to lessen losses from future eruptions.

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The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington

Cited by 285 publications

References 0 publications

Permeability measurements of Campi Flegrei pyroclastic products: An example from the Campanian Ignimbrite and Monte Nuovo eruptions

Permeability measurements of Campi Flegrei pyroclastic products: An example from the Campanian Ignimbrite and Monte Nuovo eruptions

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union Volume 91, Number 19, 11 May 2010

Mount St. Helens: A 30‐Year Legacy of Volcanism

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