The 1990 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection

Vennart, J.

doi:10.1088/0952-4746/11/3/006

Cited by 42 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Fig 5 shows the average annual effective dose (AED) for non-regulated and regulated trenches in the Seila area, with respective values of 0.48 (range 0.27–0.89) mSv y -1 and 1.4 (range 1.01–1.97) mSv y -1 . The occupational AED for regulated trenches exceeds the recommended safe level limit of 1 mSv y -1 for members of the public, although it is very much lower than the occupational maximum limit of 20 mSv y -1 , as mentioned in respect of prospecting trenches [ 37 ]. The observed annual effective dose in the trenches showed no significant radiation dose from gamma radiation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of radioactive heavy minerals in prospecting trenches and concomitant occupational exposure

et al. 2021

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Uranium, perhaps the most strategically important component of heavy minerals, finds particular significance in the nuclear industry. In prospecting trenches, the radioactivity of 238U and 232Th provides a good signature of the presence of heavy minerals. In the work herein, the activity concentrations of several key primordial radionuclides (238U, 232Th, and 40K) were measured in prospecting trenches (each of the latter being of approximately the same geometry and physical situation). All of these are located in the Seila area of the South Eastern desert of Egypt. A recently introduced industry standard, the portable hand-held RS-230 BGO gamma-ray spectrometer (1024 channels) was employed in the study. Based on the measured data, the trenches were classified as either non-regulated (U activity less than 1000 Bq kg-1) or regulated (with 238U activity more than 1000 Bq kg-1). Several radiological hazard parameters were calculated, statistical analysis also being performed to examine correlations between the origins of the radionuclides and their influence on the calculated values. While the radioactivity and hazard parameters exceed United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) guided limits, the mean annual effective doses of 0.49 and 1.4 mSv y-1 in non-regulated and regulated trenches respectively remain well below the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommended 20 mSv/y maximum occupational limit. This investigation reveals that the studied area contains high uranium content, suitable for extraction of U-minerals for use in the nuclear fuel cycle.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of radioactive heavy minerals in prospecting trenches and concomitant occupational exposure

et al. 2021

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“…In ICRP #60 the DRCF is estimated at 4% Sv −1 for professionals and 5% Sv −1 for members of the public [12] (replacing the previous 1.25% per Sv of ICRP #26 [13]). Other forms of health detriment including nonfatal cancer and genetic diseases make a minor contribution, giving total values of 5.6% Sv −1 and 7.3% Sv −1 , respectively [14].…”

Section: Conversion Of 'Potential' Doses To Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In view of this, since population characteristics are likely to be very difficult to assess over the longer term, risk estimates of future effects of disposed radioactive wastes (especially for very long-lived components) must include a substantial uncertainty for this reason. ICRP #60 pointed out that the data available at present are not sufficient even to agree on which risk projection model is to be preferred [14], let alone to provide additional parameters or to fully characterise a PDF for DRCF. Nevertheless, incorporating uncertainties into the DRCF has been attempted (see e.g.…”

Section: Conversion Of a Deterministic Dose To Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic dose/risk assessment uncertainty and the concept of potential exposures

Pollner

Zagyvai²

1998

J. Radiol. Prot.

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Assessments of future potential doses and risks (e.g. in connection with radioactive waste disposal) can be associated with substantial uncertainties. These uncertainties are often incorporated into assessments using stochastic models, and give rise to doses characterised in probabilistic terms. Questions about how doses should be related to risks arise even in the case of deterministic dose assessments. However, results of a probabilistic dose assessment may lead to additional issues when interpreting them or attempting to convert them to risk for regulatory purposes. Some problems are shown to originate from the difference between the meaning of a probabilistic dose value and the definition of potential exposure. Others relate to the appropriate choice of, or approach to compliance with, a regulatory limit. A possible method for setting limits on probabilistic (potential) doses or risks is proposed, based on an accepted technique for determining detection limits.

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“…[ 15 16 ] According to the International Commission of Radiological Protection (103, 2007), radiation dose to the patient should be as low as reasonably achievable. [ 17 ] Radiation dose is primarily influenced by factors such as tube potential, tube current-time product, beam collimation, beam filtration, exposure (speed) class, use of grids, type of detectors, source to image distance, and patient thickness. [ 13 18 19 ] Image quality in FPDs can be quantified using parameters such as detector response, lag, modulation transfer function, detector quantum efficiency (DQE), noise power spectrum, and system transfer properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Radiation Dose Reduction and its Effect on Image Quality for Different Flat-Panel Detectors

Pearlin

Livingstone

Jasper

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Physics

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Purpose: To evaluate the image quality of semi-anatomical chest radiographs acquired using low radiation doses from seven different flat-panel detector (FPD) systems. Materials and Methods: Radiographs of a semi-anatomical chest phantom were acquired at 70 and 110 kVp using 7 different FPDs from 5 vendors. Radiation doses were measured using a dose-area-product (DAP) meter. To standardize measurements across all FPDs, DAP value of 51.05 μGym2 obtained at 70 kVp and 9.43 μGym2 at 110 kVp was used as reference in this study. Radiation doses were reduced by manually adjusting mAs for both tube potentials in all FPD systems to achieve acceptable image quality. Contrast-to-noise ratio, signal-to-noise ratio and figure of merit (FOM) in lung, heart, and diaphragm for all images were analyzed. Results: In comparison with set standard protocol, radiation dose reduction of 20%, 21%, 21.6%, 59.5%, 60.7%, 62.2%, and 67.6% with optimal image quality was observed in Prognosys Prorad, GE Definium 8000, Siemens Fusion, Fujifilm FGX, Fujifilm FGXR, Philips Digital Diagnost and Siemens Aristos at 70 kVp. At 110 kVp, dose reduction of 15.7% and 34.8% was possible only for Philips Digital Diagnost and Siemens Aristos. FOM was high at 110 kVp even when radiation doses were reduced by a factor 2 when compared to 70 kVp in all digital radiography systems. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a semi-anatomical chest phantom in the optimization of radiation dose and image quality. The FOM was a good indicator in assessing image quality between different detectors.

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The 1990 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection

Abstract: The author discusses the important changes in the 1990 recommendations of the ICRP from the 1977 publication. The additions mainly cover biological aspects and radiation protection frameworks. Various dose limits are also covered.

Cited by 42 publications

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The presence of radioactive heavy minerals in prospecting trenches and concomitant occupational exposure

The presence of radioactive heavy minerals in prospecting trenches and concomitant occupational exposure

Stochastic dose/risk assessment uncertainty and the concept of potential exposures

Evaluation of Radiation Dose Reduction and its Effect on Image Quality for Different Flat-Panel Detectors

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