The 1997 Economic Crisis, Changes in the Pattern of Achieved Fertility and Ideal Number of Children in Korea

Kim, Doo-Sub

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7386-8_5

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Due to career discontinuity and gender-segmented labor market structure, however, their return to the labor market concentrates in low-skilled, low-paid, and low-status blue-collar or temporary jobs. Furthermore, the progression to second- or third-order births has become increasingly selective on economic stability (e.g., job security) in the last decades, whereas having a first child remains universal among married couples (Kim 2007 , 2013 ; Yoo 2014 ). Finally, as could be expected, higher ideal family size and living in a rural area are associated with higher likelihood of wanting another child.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible explanations may lie in changes of the demographics of women with two children during the observation period. We do not explore this further because changes in fertility intentions have been explicitly analyzed in other studies (Kim 2007 , 2013 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because male-breadwinner families are still dominant in Korea, household income is largely determined by men’s employment. Moreover, prior research suggests that the progression to second- or higher-order births has become increasingly selective on socioeconomic conditions, such as job security and occupational status, after the Asian financial crisis (Kim 2007 , 2013 ; Yoo 2014 ). We therefore include husband’s educational attainment and employment status as proxies for household income.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Old Habits Die Hard? Lingering Son Preference in an Era of Normalizing Sex Ratios at Birth in South Korea

Yoo

Hayford

Agadjanian

2016

Popul Res Policy Rev

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South Korea was among the first countries to report both an abnormally high sex ratio at birth (SRB) and its subsequent normalization. We examine the role of son preference in driving fertility intentions during a period of declining SRB and consider the contribution of individual characteristics and broader social context to explaining changes in intentions. We employ data from the National Survey on Fertility, Family Health and Welfare that span 1991–2012. We find that reported son preference declined to a great extent but remained substantial by the end of the observation period, and that the intention to have a third child still differed by sex of existing children. Change in individual-level factors does not explain the decline in son preference, suggesting that broad social changes were also important. This study provides a better understanding of how son preference evolves in the post-transitional context of very low fertility.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Old Habits Die Hard? Lingering Son Preference in an Era of Normalizing Sex Ratios at Birth in South Korea

Yoo

Hayford

Agadjanian

2016

Popul Res Policy Rev

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“…There is clear evidence, however, that economic factors are now of paramount importance for both marriage and for childbirth in East Asia. Japan’s long recession and increasing economic turbulence and growing job insecurity in the region have been linked to delayed transition to marriage and parenthood (Kim 2013; Retherford and Ogawa 2006; Westley et al 2010). Following the Asian economic crisis in the late 1990s, income equality has grown in Korea and employment structure has shifted toward increased part-time and non-regular jobs (Hyun and Lim 2005), mirroring similar trends in Japan (Osawa, Kim, and Kingston 2013).…”

Section: Explanations For Trends In Marriage and Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Marriage and Family in East Asia: Continuity and Change

et al. 2015

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Trends toward later and less marriage and childbearing in East Asia have been even more pronounced than in the West. At the same time, many other features of East Asian families have changed very little. We review recent research on trends in a wide range of family behaviors in China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. We also draw upon a range of theoretical frameworks to argue that trends in marriage and fertility reflect tension between rapid social and economic change and limited change in family expectations and obligations. We discuss how this tension may be contributing to growing socioeconomic differences in patterns of family formation. This focus on East Asia extends research on the second demographic transition in the West by describing how rapid decline in marriage and fertility rates can occur in the absence of major changes in family attitudes or rising individualism.

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“…Consequently, young peoplein particular those who have limited career prospectslikely delay or even abandon family formation (Blossfeld and Hofmeister 2006;Karabchuk 2020). Such perceptions of economic insecurity, combined with rising housing prices and the increasing cost of children's education, may have contributed to persistently low fertility in Korea and other East Asian countries (Anderson and Kohler 2013;Chen 2013;Kim 2013;Lee 2017).…”

Section: Theoretical and Empirical Background 21 Theoretical Explanations Of Low Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic differentials in fertility in South Korea

Lim¹

2021

DemRes

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BACKGROUNDSouth Korea has one of the lowest fertility rates in the world, reaching a record low of 0.98 in 2018. Understanding socioeconomic differentials in fertility in South Korea has become an important social and policy issue. OBJECTIVEThis study examines socioeconomic differentials in first and second childbirths among married women using various indicators of socioeconomic status at the individual and household level. METHODSUsing the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (1998-2017), discrete-time hazard models are used to evaluate the relationships between multiple indicators of socioeconomic status and the transition to first and second births. RESULTSHigher socioeconomic status (e.g., husband's college education and standard employment, homeownership) is conducive to a transition to parenthood and second births. However, the wife's employmentstandard employment in particularis negatively associated with both first and second childbirth. Among the indicators of socioeconomic resources, stable housing arrangements and the husband's employment security appear to be the most important factors for a married couple's fertility decisions. CONCLUSIONSSocioeconomically disadvantaged married couples tend to delay their transition to parenthood. In addition, those with high SES are more likely than their counterparts with low SES to have second births. If these patterns persist, they have important implications for the demographic process and social stratification. CONTRIBUTIONThe findings of this study contribute to a comprehensive understanding of socioeconomic

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The 1997 Economic Crisis, Changes in the Pattern of Achieved Fertility and Ideal Number of Children in Korea

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Old Habits Die Hard? Lingering Son Preference in an Era of Normalizing Sex Ratios at Birth in South Korea

Old Habits Die Hard? Lingering Son Preference in an Era of Normalizing Sex Ratios at Birth in South Korea

Marriage and Family in East Asia: Continuity and Change

Socioeconomic differentials in fertility in South Korea

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