The 1999 and 2000 eruptions of Mount Cameroon: eruption behaviour and petrochemistry of lava

Suh, Cheo Emmanuel; Sparks, R. S. J.; Fitton, J. Godfrey; Ayonghe, Samuel N.; Annen, Catherine; Nana, R.; Luckman, Adrian

doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0388-0

Cited by 54 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In contrast, residual hawaiite melt (Suh et al 2003), in equilibrium with more fayalitic microlites and phenocryst rims, gives an eruption temperature of 1042…”

Section: Geological Context Of Mount Cameroon and The 1999 Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1b). Suh et al (2003) estimated the volume of this volcano at 1200 km 3 . In plan form, Mount Cameroon is elliptical; 50 km long in a NE-SW direction, and 35 km wide in a NW-SE direction.…”

Section: Geological Context Of Mount Cameroon and The 1999 Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On March 30, a second set of vents, named site 2, opened at ∼ 1545 m elevation. Site 1 lava flows have final dimensions of 3 km long, 30-120 m wide and with flow fronts 15 m high; Suh et al (2003) estimated their volume as ∼ 2.7 × 10 6 m 3 . The lava effusion rates varied in the course of the eruption between 4.8 and 9.8 m 3 s −1 .…”

Section: Geological Context Of Mount Cameroon and The 1999 Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 1999 lavas are basanites (44-47 % SiO 2 ) with occasional hawaiites (Suh et al 2003;Suh, Luhr & Njome, 2008;Njome et al 2008). The lava is porphyritic with olivine (8 %), clinopyroxene (5 %), plagioclase (3 %) and titanomagnetite (1 %) phenocrysts set in a fine-grained, often partly glassy groundmass (83 %).…”

Section: Geological Context Of Mount Cameroon and The 1999 Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At Mount Cameroon, the well-exposed 1999 lava flows are not yet extensively colonized by vegetation and are well suited for field investigation * Author for correspondence: chuhma@yahoo.com of lava flow attributes. Aspects of the 1999 eruption have been documented previously (Suh et al 2003;Suh, Luhr & Njome, 2008). No detailed study has yet described the physical aspects of the 1999 lava flows, nor attempted to relate morphological features and flow structures to emplacement history and processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology and structure of the 1999 lava flows at Mount Cameroon Volcano (West Africa) and their bearing on the emplacement dynamics of volume-limited flows

et al. 2010

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-The morphology and structure of the 1999 lava flows at Mount Cameroon volcano are documented and discussed in relation to local and source dynamics. Structures are analysed qualitatively and more detailed arguments are developed on the processes of levee formation and systematic links between flow dynamics and levee-channel interface geometry. The flows have clear channels bordered by four main types of levees: initial, accretionary, rubble and overflow levees. Thermally immature pahoehoe lava units with overflow drapes define the proximal zone, whereas rubble and accretionary levees are common in the distal region bordering thermally mature aa clinker or blocky aa flow channels. Pressure ridges, squeeze-ups and pahoehoe ropes are the prevalent compressive structures. Standlines displayed on clinkery breccias are interpreted to represent leveechannel interactions in response to changing flow levels. These data complement previous knowledge on lava flow morphology, thus far dominated by Etnean and Hawaiian examples.

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“…In contrast, residual hawaiite melt (Suh et al 2003), in equilibrium with more fayalitic microlites and phenocryst rims, gives an eruption temperature of 1042…”

Section: Geological Context Of Mount Cameroon and The 1999 Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1b). Suh et al (2003) estimated the volume of this volcano at 1200 km 3 . In plan form, Mount Cameroon is elliptical; 50 km long in a NE-SW direction, and 35 km wide in a NW-SE direction.…”

Section: Geological Context Of Mount Cameroon and The 1999 Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Context Of Mount Cameroon and The 1999 Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Context Of Mount Cameroon and The 1999 Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology and structure of the 1999 lava flows at Mount Cameroon Volcano (West Africa) and their bearing on the emplacement dynamics of volume-limited flows

et al. 2010

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The development of magmatism along the Cameroon Volcanic Line: Evidence from seismicity and seismic anisotropy

et al. 2014

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The Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) straddles the continent‐ocean boundary in West Africa but exhibits no clear age progression. This renders it difficult to explain by traditional plume/plate motion hypotheses; thus, there remains no consensus on the processes responsible for its development. To understand better the nature of asthenospheric flow beneath the CVL, and the effects of hotspot tectonism on the overlying lithosphere, we analyze mantle seismic anisotropy and seismicity. Cameroon is relatively aseismic compared to hotspots elsewhere, with little evidence for magmatism‐related crustal deformation away from Mount Cameroon, which last erupted in 2000. Low crustal Vp/Vs ratios (∼1.74) and a lack of evidence for seismically anisotropic aligned melt within the lithosphere both point toward a poorly developed magmatic plumbing system beneath the CVL. Null SKS splitting observations dominate the western continental portion of the CVL; elsewhere, anisotropic fast polarization directions parallel the strike of the Precambrian Central African Shear Zone (CASZ). The nulls may imply that the convecting upper mantle beneath the CVL is isotropic, or characterized by a vertically oriented olivine lattice preferred orientation fabric, perhaps due to a mantle plume or the upward limb of a small‐scale convection cell. Precambrian CASZ fossil lithospheric fabrics along the CVL may have been thermomechanically eroded during Gondwana breakup ∼130 Ma, with an isotropic lower lithosphere subsequently reforming due to cooling of the slow‐moving African plate. Small‐scale lithospheric delamination during the 30 Ma recent development of the line may also have contributed to the erosion of the CASZ lithospheric fossil anisotropy, at the same time as generating the low‐volume alkaline basaltic volcanism along the CVL.

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Directional flank spreading at Mount Cameroon volcano: Evidence from analogue modeling

et al. 2014

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Mount Cameroon is characterized by an elongated summit plateau, steep flanks, and topographic terraces around its base. Although some of these features can be accounted for by intrusion-induced deformation, we here focus on the contribution of edifice-scale gravitational spreading in the structure of Mount Cameroon. We review the existing geological and geophysical data and morphostructural features of Mount Cameroon and surrounding sedimentary basins. Volcanic ridge gravitational spreading is then simulated by scaled analogue models on which fault formation is recorded using digital image correlation. Three sets of models are presented (i) models recorded in cross section (Type I), (ii) models recorded from above with a uniform (Type IIa), and (iii) nonuniform ductile layer (Type IIb). Type I models illustrate the formation of faults accommodating summit subsidence and lower flank spreading. Type IIa models favor displacement perpendicular to the long axis, with formation of a summit graben and basal folds, but fail to reproduce the steep flanks. Type IIb models investigate the effect of spatial variations in sediment thickness and/or properties consistent with geological evidence. Directional spreading of the volcano's central part perpendicular to the long axis is accounted for by a sediment layer with restricted lateral extent and increasing thickness away from the volcano axis. The later model closely reproduces key features observed at Mount Cameroon: steep upper flanks are accounted for by enhanced lateral spreading of the lower flanks relative to the summit. The relevance of these findings for understanding flank instabilities at large oceanic volcanoes is finally highlighted.

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The 1999 and 2000 eruptions of Mount Cameroon: eruption behaviour and petrochemistry of lava

Cited by 54 publications

References 5 publications

Morphology and structure of the 1999 lava flows at Mount Cameroon Volcano (West Africa) and their bearing on the emplacement dynamics of volume-limited flows

Morphology and structure of the 1999 lava flows at Mount Cameroon Volcano (West Africa) and their bearing on the emplacement dynamics of volume-limited flows

The development of magmatism along the Cameroon Volcanic Line: Evidence from seismicity and seismic anisotropy

Directional flank spreading at Mount Cameroon volcano: Evidence from analogue modeling

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