The 2000 Yigong landslide (Tibetan Plateau), rockslide-dammed lake and outburst flood: Review, remote sensing analysis, and process modelling

Delaney, Keith B.; Evans, Stephen G.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.020

Cited by 216 publications

(132 citation statements)

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“…Much of this difference likely results from the use of an empirically estimated breach discharge (6.1 × 10 4 m 3 /s) in the Delaney and Evans () model, which is much lower than the discharge produced by both our simulations assuming instantaneous dam failure and predictive equations for dam breaching from O'Connor and Beebee (). However, it is difficult to compare the simulations directly because Delaney and Evans () simulated the flood using an older DEM (SRTM3) that differs from our DEM (SRTM1) in the first 20 km of flood pathway. It is also difficult to compare simulated flow depth and flood peak arrival time to the field‐based estimates of Shang et al () because of uncertainties in the reference point for measuring flood flow depth with respect to the destroyed bridge height as compared to the simulated flow depth with respect to the DEM surface and the potential incompatibility of the Shang et al () timing estimate with other observations of the flood (Zhu et al, ).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Flood Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The most recent and best recorded is the June 2000 Yigong flood (Evans & Delaney, ; Shang et al, ; Zhu & Li, ; Zhu et al, ). Delaney and Evans () reconciled discrepancies among previous accounts of the dam, breach, and flood, summarized as follows: In April 2000, a rockslide dammed the Yigong River (Figures c and d) at the same location as the landslide‐dam impoundment that produced the 1900 outburst flood (Shang et al, ). The landslide dam was stable for 62 days and a spillway was excavated before the dam failed catastrophically at ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It has been proposed that Quaternary glacial dams impeded bedrock river incision into the Tibetan plateau (Figure b; Korup & Montgomery, ; Korup et al, ) and that catastrophic glacial outburst megafloods focused erosion in the Tsangpo Gorge (Finnegan et al, ; Korup et al, ; Korup & Montgomery, ; Lang et al, ; Montgomery et al, ). Historical outburst floods caused by the failure of natural landslide dams have also been documented in the Gorge region (Delaney & Evans, ; Evans & Delaney, ; Shang et al, ; Zhu & Li, ; Zhu et al, ). Such events have been linked both to lateral channel scour as a driver of landslide erosion (Larsen & Montgomery, ) and to sediment delivery effects on river transport capacity (Finnegan et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Geomorphic Impact of Outburst Floods: Integrating Observations and Numerical Simulations of the 2000 Yigong Flood, Eastern Himalaya

2019

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Outburst floods in mountainous landscapes traverse complex topography and interact with the channel and valley walls, producing intense flow hydraulics that drive geomorphic change and impact people and infrastructure. Evidence of modern and ancient outburst floods is scattered around the eastern Himalaya, but hydraulics related to these geomorphic features are uncharacterized, limiting our understanding of the role of large floods in long‐term evolution of the region. Here we combine remote and field observations of the 2000 Yigong River landslide‐dam outburst flood with 2‐D numerical flood simulations using the software GeoClaw. Modeling results agree with field evidence to the extent that we judge the simulated hydraulics to be relevant to flood hazard and geomorphic investigations. Results show that the hydraulics of outburst floods through rugged topography differ from those expected for nonflood flows, in magnitude and in the spatial patterns of flow speed, direction, and shear stress. The flood produced sustained high bed shear stresses capable of plucking meter‐scale blocks immediately downstream of breach, in the steep Tsangpo Gorge, and in isolated locations associated with valley constrictions. Simulated shear stresses suggest that outburst floods deposited numerous kilometer‐scale boulder bars observed along the flood pathway, armoring the bed, increasing channel roughness, and inhibiting incision in locations that would not be predicted for nonflood flows. Our findings highlight the potential for different magnitude flows to promote not only different amounts, but also different patterns of bedrock erosion, with implications for the role of prehistoric megafloods in the topographic evolution of the eastern Himalaya.

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Section: Evaluation Of Flood Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Geomorphic Impact of Outburst Floods: Integrating Observations and Numerical Simulations of the 2000 Yigong Flood, Eastern Himalaya

2019

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“…The reasons for this particular perturbation remain unclear but the river reach between the NBGPm and the MFT is prone to extreme hydrological and erosion events (Lang et al, 2011). A recent major perturbation of the sedimentary system was provided by the catastrophic breaching of a landslide-dammed lake on the Yigong River in 2000, which resulted in a devastating flood downstream of the confluence with the TsangpoBrahmaputra (Delaney and Evans, 2015). The high discharge that followed the dam breach mobilized about 1 × 10 8 m 3 or 270 Mt of landslide material in the area (Larsen and Montgomery, 2012).…”

Section: True Denudation Rates or Possible Biases In The Tcn Signal?mentioning

confidence: 99%

<sup>10</sup>Be systematics in the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra catchment: the cosmogenic nuclide legacy of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis

Lupker¹,

Lavé²,

France‐Lanord

et al. 2017

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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Abstract. The Tsangpo-Brahmaputra River drains the eastern part of the Himalayan range and flows from the Tibetan Plateau through the eastern Himalayan syntaxis downstream to the Indo-Gangetic floodplain and the Bay of Bengal. As such, it is a unique natural laboratory to study how denudation and sediment production processes are transferred to river detrital signals. In this study, we present a new 10 Be data set to constrain denudation rates across the catchment and to quantify the impact of rapid erosion within the syntaxis region on cosmogenic nuclide budgets and signals. The measured 10 Be denudation rates span around 2 orders of magnitude across individual catchments (ranging from 0.03 to > 4 mm yr −1 ) and sharply increase as the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra flows across the eastern Himalaya. The increase in denudation rates, however, occurs ∼ 150 km downstream of the Namche Barwa-Gyala Peri massif (NBGPm), an area which has been previously characterized by extremely high erosion and exhumation rates. We suggest that this downstream lag is mainly due to the physical abrasion of coarse-grained, low 10 Be concentration, landslide material produced within the syntaxis that dilutes the upstream high-concentration 10 Be flux from the Tibetan Plateau only after abrasion has transferred sediment to the studied sand fraction. A simple abrasion model produces typical lag distances of 50 to 150 km compatible with our observations. Abrasion effects reduce the spatial resolution over which denudation can be constrained in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. In addition, we also highlight that denudation rate estimates are dependent on the sediment connectivity, storage, and quartz content of the upstream Tibetan Plateau part of the catchment, which tends to lead to an overestimation of downstream denudation rates. While no direct 10 Be denudation measurements were made in the syntaxis, the dilution of the upstream 10 Be signal, measured in Tsangpo-Brahmaputra sediments, provides constraints on the denudation rates in that region. These denudation estimates range from ca. 2 to 5 mm yr −1 for the entire syntaxis and ca. 4 to 28 mm yr −1 for the NBGPm, which is significantly higher than other large catchments. Overall, 10 Be concentrations measured at the outlet of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra in Bangladesh suggest a sediment flux between 780 and 1430 Mt yr −1 equivalent to a denudation rate between 0.7 and 1.2 mm yr −1 for the entire catchment.

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“…Landslide can cause secondary damage, rockslide-dammed lakes [3][4], tsunamis [5][6][7], and block roads [8]. There are so many factors leading to landslides, such as hydrology [9], earthquakes, top loads, pedology, different layers, geomorphy [10], and geology-changing climate [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Stability and Support Analysis of Coverage Rock-Soil Aggregate of Longhuguan Landslide

Sun

Fu-hua

2017

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Landslides have an effect on lives and properties in many different countries [1], making control of the effects of natural hazards -especially landslides -an urgent problem [2]. Landslide can cause secondary damage, rockslide-dammed lakes [3][4], tsunamis [5][6][7], and block roads [8]. There are so many factors leading to landslides, such as hydrology [9], earthquakes, top loads, pedology, different layers, geomorphy [10], and geology-changing climate [11].A slope consists of soil and rock. Previous research treated geomaterials as homogeneous materials and did not separate soils and rock. Different geomaterials have different affects on slope stability. Mahmood and Kim [12] analyzed the effect of soil type on matric suction and stability of unsaturated slope, using the modified MohrCoulomb failure criterion and the saturated-unsaturated seepage model, and drew upon the fact that saturatedunsaturated hydraulic conductivity and matric suction head affect the matric suction results. Tiwari and Ajmera Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 26, No. 6 (2017), 2747-2757 AbstractRock-soil aggregate landslides are distributed all over the world and have done great harm to transportation networks, buildings, personal safety, and city construction. Although landslide studies usually focus on the slope of the single homogeneous material, few slopes are composed of or covered by various complicated geomaterials. This paper proposes a calculation model of the slope covered by rock-soil aggregate and analyzes Longhuguan landslide in Guangxi, China, considering rainfall. Fully considering the weak surface, a support design plan is given.The unbonded cable is taken to support the landslide, the concrete beams are adopted on the angle turning point of the surface, and the slide-resistant piles are used to jointly support the front edge of the slope. Top fissures are blocked and landslide drainage measures are taken. The displacement monitoring proves that the support is effective. This study can provide many references for landslide support and analysis covered by rock-soil aggregate.

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The 2000 Yigong landslide (Tibetan Plateau), rockslide-dammed lake and outburst flood: Review, remote sensing analysis, and process modelling

Cited by 216 publications

References 51 publications

The Geomorphic Impact of Outburst Floods: Integrating Observations and Numerical Simulations of the 2000 Yigong Flood, Eastern Himalaya

The Geomorphic Impact of Outburst Floods: Integrating Observations and Numerical Simulations of the 2000 Yigong Flood, Eastern Himalaya

<sup>10</sup>Be systematics in the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra catchment: the cosmogenic nuclide legacy of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis

Stability and Support Analysis of Coverage Rock-Soil Aggregate of Longhuguan Landslide

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The 2000 Yigong landslide (Tibetan Plateau), rockslide-dammed lake and outburst flood: Review, remote sensing analysis, and process modelling

Cited by 216 publications

References 51 publications

The Geomorphic Impact of Outburst Floods: Integrating Observations and Numerical Simulations of the 2000 Yigong Flood, Eastern Himalaya

The Geomorphic Impact of Outburst Floods: Integrating Observations and Numerical Simulations of the 2000 Yigong Flood, Eastern Himalaya

&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;Be systematics in the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra catchment: the cosmogenic nuclide legacy of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis

Stability and Support Analysis of Coverage Rock-Soil Aggregate of Longhuguan Landslide

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<sup>10</sup>Be systematics in the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra catchment: the cosmogenic nuclide legacy of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis