The 2007 Caribbean Community Port-of-Spain Declaration on noncommunicable diseases: an overview of a multidisciplinary evaluation

Samuels, T. Alafia; Unwin, Nigel

doi:10.26633/rpsp.2018.193

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…( Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (UN-OHRLLS), 2015 ) The majority of SIDS are in the Caribbean and Pacific, and in addition to common social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities they share limitations related to healthcare provision for rapidly aging populations with high burdens of non-communicable disease. ( Eldemire-Shearer et al, 2011 ; Samuels and Unwin, 2018 ; Suzana, Walls, Smith, and Hanefeld, 2018 ) In the Caribbean, there are 16 UN recognised SIDS, with a further 13 island territories without UN status and with formal ties to extra-regional UN members (USA, UK, France, Netherlands). Despite this variation in geo-political affiliations, one regional body, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), includes 20 Caribbean countries and territories as members.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 containment in the Caribbean: The experience of small island developing states

Murphy¹,

Jeyaseelan²,

Howitt³

et al. 2020

Research in Globalization

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Background Small island developing states (SIDS) have limited absolute resources for responding to national disasters, including health emergencies. Since the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the Caribbean on 1st March 2020, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been widely used to control the resulting COVID-19 outbreak. We document the variety of government measures introduced across the Caribbean and explore their impact on aspects of outbreak control. Methods Drawing on publically available information, we present confirmed cases and confirmed deaths to describe the extent of the Caribbean outbreak. We document the range of outbreak containment measures implemented by national Governments, focussing on measures to control movement and gatherings. We explore the temporal association of containment measures with the start of the outbreak in each country, and with aggregated information on human movement, using smartphone positioning data. We include a set of comparator countries to provide an international context. Results As of 25th May, the Caribbean reported 18,755 confirmed cases and 631 deaths. There have been broad similarities but also variation in the number, the type, the intensity, and particularly the timing of the NPIs introduced across the Caribbean. On average, Caribbean governments began controlling movement into countries 27 days before their first confirmed case and 23 days before comparator countries. Controls on movement within country were introduced 9 days after the first case and 36 days before comparators. Controls on gatherings were implemented 1 day before the first confirmed case and 30 days before comparators. Confirmed case growth rates and numbers of deaths have remained low across much the Caribbean. Stringent Caribbean curfews and stay-at-home orders coincided with large reductions in community mobility, regularly above 60%, and higher than most international comparator countries. Conclusion Stringent controls to limit movement, and specifically the early timing of those controls has had an important impact on containing the spread of COVID-19 across much of the Caribbean. Very early controls to limit movement into countries may well be particularly effective for small island developing states. With much of the region economically reliant on international tourism, and with steps to open borders now being implemented, it is critical that the region draws on a solid evidence-base to balance the competing demands of economic wellbeing and public health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 containment in the Caribbean: The experience of small island developing states

Murphy¹,

Jeyaseelan²,

Howitt³

et al. 2020

Research in Globalization

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(1) The majority of SIDS are in the Caribbean and Pacific, and in addition to common social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities they share limitations related to healthcare provision for rapidly aging populations with high burdens of non-communicable disease. (2-4) In the Caribbean, there are 16 UN recognised SIDS, with a further 13 island territories without UN status and with formal ties to extra-regional UN members (USA, UK, France, Netherlands). Despite this variation in geo-political affiliations, one regional body, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), includes 20 of the 29 Caribbean countries and territories as members.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 containment in the Caribbean: the experience of Small Island Developing States

Murphy

Jeyaseelan

Howitt

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background. Small island developing states (SIDS) have limited absolute resources for responding to national disasters, including health emergencies. Since the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the Caribbean on 1st March 2020, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been widely used to control the resulting COVID-19 outbreak. We document the variety of government measures introduced across the Caribbean and explore their impact on aspects of outbreak control. Methods. Drawing on publically available information, we present confirmed cases and confirmed deaths to describe the extent of the Caribbean outbreak. We document the range of outbreak containment measures implemented by national Governments, focussing on measures to control movement and gatherings. We explore the temporal association of containment measures with the start of the outbreak in each country, and with aggregated information on human movement, using smartphone positioning data. We include a set of comparator countries to provide an international context. Results. As of 25th May, the Caribbean reported 18,755 confirmed cases and 631 deaths. There have been broad similarities but also variation in the number, the type, the intensity, and particularly the timing of the NPIs introduced across the Caribbean. On average, Caribbean governments began controlling movement into countries 27 days before their first confirmed case and 23 days before comparator countries. Controls on movement within country were introduced 9 days after the first case and 36 days before comparators. Controls on gatherings were implemented 1 day before the first confirmed case and 30 days before comparators. Confirmed case growth rates and numbers of deaths have remained low across much the Caribbean. Stringent Caribbean curfews and stay-at-home orders coincided with large reductions in community mobility, regularly above 60%, and higher than most international comparator countries. Conclusion. Stringent controls to limit movement, and specifically the early timing of those controls has had an important impact on containing the spread of COVID-19 across much of the Caribbean. Very early controls to limit movement into countries may well be particularly effective for small island developing states. With much of the region economically reliant on international tourism, and with steps to open borders now being considered, it is critical that the region draws on a solid evidence-base to balance the competing demands of economics and public health.

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“…Among the 49 nations in the Americas, premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is highest in the Caribbean, with 40% of related deaths occurring among those 30 – 69 years of age (1 – 4). In response, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) held the world's first Heads of Government Summit on NCDs, and issued the Port-of-Spain (POS) Declaration “Uniting to Stop the Epidemic of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases,” (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The POS Declaration comprises 15 mandates to be monitored annually through 26 indicators (3). Strategic actions include: reducing risk factors; developing a “whole-of-society,” “whole-of-government” response; designing legislative frameworks; improving surveillance; and the launch of an annual Caribbean Wellness Day (3, 4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The timely dissemination of information was a critical aspect of the POSDEVAL process. There was an explicit need to share findings throughout CARICOM Member States, and globally, as a means of bolstering implementation (4). Therefore, an evidence-based strategy was used to operationalize aspects of Diffusion of Innovations Theory (6), in particular the principles of (a) engaging with the wider social system as a means of influencing individual behavior and (b) identifying and engaging stakeholders who could either hinder or accelerate desired change by virtue of their role as opinion leaders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Communication strategy to disseminate the results of the evaluation of the Port-of-Spain Declaration (POSDEVAL) across multiple audiences in the Caribbean

Greaves

Tull

Hassell

et al. 2018

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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Like many nations in the Americas, the countries of the Caribbean are facing increasing morbidity and mortality associated with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). In 2007, based on advocacy by Sir George Alleyne and others, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) convened the first in the world Heads of Government NCDs Summit. This summit issued the Port of Spain Declaration that served not only as a rallying point to accelerate the regional NCDs response, but also as a catalyst for the first United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs in September 2011. In 2014, seven years after the CARICOM NCDs Summit, a formal evaluation of the Port of Spain Declaration (POSDEVAL) was conducted to investigate its impact and learn lessons to support and further accelerate its implementation. One mechanism was to review successes and challenges in the NCDs response and effectively communicate findings to stakeholders and the public. The results of the evaluation and the implementation of the Port of Spain Declaration are presented by other papers in this supplement. The present paper describes the communication and social information process used for sharing POSDEVAL findings across multiple layers of social influence in the Caribbean, primarily in 2016 – 2017. The main steps of the communication process are shared as a possible strategy for disseminating NCDs research information and accelerating control and policy adoption in other Small Island Developing States and middle-income countries.

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The 2007 Caribbean Community Port-of-Spain Declaration on noncommunicable diseases: an overview of a multidisciplinary evaluation

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

COVID-19 containment in the Caribbean: The experience of small island developing states

COVID-19 containment in the Caribbean: The experience of small island developing states

COVID-19 containment in the Caribbean: the experience of Small Island Developing States

Communication strategy to disseminate the results of the evaluation of the Port-of-Spain Declaration (POSDEVAL) across multiple audiences in the Caribbean

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