The 2010 Eurobarometer on the life sciences

Gaskell, George; Allansdottir, Agnes; Allum, Nick; Castro, Paula; Esmer, Yılmaz; Fischler, Claude; Jackson, Jonathan; Kronberger, Nicole; Hampel, Jürgen; Mejlgaard, Niels; Quintanilha, Alexandre; Rämmer, Andu; Revuelta, Gemma; Stares, Sally; Torgersen, Helge; Wager, Wolfgang

doi:10.1038/nbt.1771

Cited by 211 publications

(277 citation statements)

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“…Finally, it is unknown how generalizable these findings are to other countries given the influence of public values towards science, technology and health care, which are known to differ across jurisdiction. [29][30][31] Additional public engagement research would be valuable to inform evolving NBS policy and could determine variations in public expectations and participation in WG/ES-based NBS across jurisdictions. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attitudes towards science, technology, health care and understanding of NBS. We assessed attitudes towards science, technology and health care based on modified items from the literature 28,29,31 and their understanding of NBS using newly developed items (Table 2). Individuals reported their prior awareness of NBS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Correct responses to the educational quizzes were summed to produce an 'understanding of NBS' index, scored from 8 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater understanding of NBS and its effects. The 'confidence in science' index was created on the basis of selected items from the Eurobarometer's Social Values on Science and Technology Survey, 31 scored on a scale of 0-1 indicating less or more confidence in science, respectively (comprising items listed under 'attitudes towards science' in Table 2). Reliability analyses were conducted on these scalar items to create indices for inclusion in our regression models with Cronbach's alpha Z0.60.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The questionnaire included background information on the principles of screening and the varied effects of NBS (for example, early diagnosis and treatment, reproductive-risk information, false-positive results and overdiagnosis) followed by quizzes, a discrete choice experiment and a reasoning exercise. The questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary team on the basis of our preceding qualitative studies 19,25 and a review of the literature, [26][27][28][29][30][31] and was pretested through face-to-face cognitive interviews (over three rounds with n ¼ 16) and piloted with members of the internet panel (n ¼ 87) to assess comprehension, face and content validity.…”

Section: Questionnaire Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public views on participating in newborn screening using genome sequencing

et al. 2014

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Growing discussion on the use of whole-genome or exome sequencing (WG/ES) in newborn screening (NBS) has raised concerns regarding the generation of incidental information on millions of infants annually. It is unknown whether integrating WG/ES would alter public expectations regarding participation in universal NBS. We assessed public willingness to participate in NBS using WG/ES compared with current NBS. Our secondary objective was to assess the public's beliefs regarding a parental responsibility to participate in WG/ES-based NBS compared with current NBS. We examined self-reported attitudes regarding willingness to participate in NBS using a cross-sectional national survey of Canadian residents recruited through an internet panel, reflective of the Canadian population by age, gender and region. Our results showed that fewer respondents would be willing to participate in NBS using WG/ES compared with NBS using current technologies (80 vs 94%, Po0.001), or perceived a parental responsibility to participate in WG/ES-based NBS vs current NBS (30 vs 48%, Po0.001). Our findings suggest that integrating WG/ES into NBS might reduce participation, and challenge the moral authority that NBS programmes rely upon to ensure population benefits. These findings point to the need for caution in the untargeted use of WG/ES in public health contexts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Questionnaire Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public views on participating in newborn screening using genome sequencing

et al. 2014

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“…First, the risk is that consensus approximation (mostly voting) may worsen tensions between the majority, opposed to GMOs (Gaskell et al, 2010), and the minority, including experts who do not evaluate GMOs as more harmful than their non-GM equivalents. Another risk is the possibility that consensus approximations (viz.…”

Section: Second Best and Political Legitimacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus and Liberal Legitimacy: From First to Second Best?

Landes

2017

Les ateliers de l'éthique

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Résumé de l'articleDans cet article, le consensus, défini comme le consentement de tous les citoyens, est présenté comme remplissant la fonction d'optimum de premier rang [first best] pour une partie de la tradition libérale quant à la légitimité politique. Le consensus fonderait la société libérale qui, lorsque hors d'atteinte, nécessiterait d'être approximer au travers, par exemple, du vote (règle majoritaire). Je m'appuie sur les timides tentatives en théorie politique d'utiliser le théorème de l'optimum de second rang [second best] comme outil pour résoudre des prises de décision difficiles en théorie politique appliquée. Plus précisément, je défends l'idée que le consensus serait l'optimum de premier rang pour une partie de la tradition libérale quant à la légitimité politique. De plus, j'illustre comment les désaccords moraux, factuels (et, incidemment, épistémologiques) peuvent créer des problèmes d'optimum de second rang, en particulier en termes de stabilité. Enfin, j'expose quelques raisons pour lesquelles de tels problèmes affectent directement un ordre libéral, d'un point de vue pragmatique. Le but final est de contribuer aux littératures sur la légitimité et sur l'application du théorème d'optimum de second rang à l'extérieur des sciences économiques. L'idée principale est de souligner qu'il reste beaucoup de travail afin d'« importer » le théorème d'optimum de second rang en théorie politique. ABSTRACT:In this article, consensus, defined as the consent of all citizens, is argued to be the first best for part of the liberal tradition on political legitimacy. Consensus would be the foundation of the liberal society that, when out of reach, needs to be approximated through, for instance, voting (majority rule). I build on the timid attempts in political theory at using the theorem of the second best as a tool to settle difficult decision making in applied political theory. More precisely, I defend the view that consensus would be the first best for part of the liberal tradition on political legitimacy. Furthermore, I illustrate how moral, factual, (and, incidentally, epistemological) disagreements may create second-best problems, especially in terms of stability. Finally, I spell out some reasons why such problems directly affect a liberal order, on pragmatic grounds. The final purpose is to contribute to the literatures on legitimacy and on the application of the theorem of the second best outside economics. The key idea is to stress that much more work has to be done for "importing" the theorem of the second best into political theory.

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