The 2010 explosive eruption of Java's Merapi volcano—A ‘100-year’ event

Surono,; Jousset, Philippe; Pallister, John S.; Boichu, Marie; Buongiorno, M. F.; Budi-Santoso, Agus; Costa, Fidel; Andreastuti, Supriyati; Prata, Fred; Schneider, D. J.; Clarisse, Lieven; Humaida, Hanik; Sumarti, Sri; Bignami, Christian; Griswold, Julia P.; Carn, S. A.; Oppenheimer, Clive; Lavigne, Franck

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.06.018

Cited by 397 publications

(355 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…However, only few volcanological observatories exist in comparison with the numerous active volcanoes worldwide. Moreover, major ashrich explosive eruptions often lead to a malfunction or even complete loss of most ground instruments (Surono et al, 2012). In particular, the ash-rich plume may become opaque to ultraviolet radiations, leading to a failure of UV-DOAS (ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy) methods (Surono et al, 2012), which are the only ground techniques allowing for a measurement of the gas flux (Oppenheimer, 2010;Galle et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, major ashrich explosive eruptions often lead to a malfunction or even complete loss of most ground instruments (Surono et al, 2012). In particular, the ash-rich plume may become opaque to ultraviolet radiations, leading to a failure of UV-DOAS (ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy) methods (Surono et al, 2012), which are the only ground techniques allowing for a measurement of the gas flux (Oppenheimer, 2010;Galle et al, 2010). As an alternative to ground observations, recent advances in satellite remote sensing now provide images covering the full breadth of volcanic gas plumes at high spatial and temporal resolutions, which open new perspectives of reconstruction of the SO 2 flux (Carn and Bluth, 2003;Merucci et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Inverting for volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> flux at high temporal resolution using spaceborne plume imagery and chemistry-transport modelling: the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption case study

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Depending on the magnitude of their eruptions, volcanoes impact the atmosphere at various temporal and spatial scales. The volcanic source remains a major unknown to rigorously assess these impacts. At the scale of an eruption, the limited knowledge of source parameters, including time variations of erupted mass flux and emission profile, currently represents the greatest issue that limits the reliability of volcanic cloud forecasts. Today, a growing number of satellite and remote sensing observations of distant plumes are becoming available, bringing indirect information on these source terms. Here, we develop an inverse modelling approach combining satellite observations of the volcanic plume with an Eulerian regional chemistry-transport model (CHIMERE) to characterise the volcanic SO2 emissions during an eruptive crisis. The May 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull is a perfect case study to apply this method as the volcano emitted substantial amounts of SO2 during more than a month. We take advantage of the SO2 column amounts provided by a vast set of IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) satellite images to reconstruct retrospectively the time series of the mid-tropospheric SO2 flux emitted by the volcano with a temporal resolution of ~2 h, spanning the period from 1 to 12 May 2010. We show that no a priori knowledge on the SO2 flux is required for this reconstruction. The initialisation of chemistry-transport modelling with this reconstructed source allows for reliable simulation of the evolution of the long-lived tropospheric SO2 cloud over thousands of kilometres. Heterogeneities within the plume, which mainly result from the temporal variability of the emissions, are correctly tracked over a timescale of a week. The robustness of our approach is also demonstrated by the broad similarities between the SO2 flux history determined by this study and the ash discharge behaviour estimated by other means during the phases of high explosive activity at Eyjafjallajökull in May 2010. Finally, we show how a sequential IASI data assimilation allows for a substantial improvement in the forecasts of the location and concentration of the plume compared to an approach assuming constant flux at the source. As the SO2 flux is an important indicator of the volcanic activity, this approach is also of interest to monitor poorly instrumented volcanoes from space.

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Inverting for volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> flux at high temporal resolution using spaceborne plume imagery and chemistry-transport modelling: the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption case study

et al. 2013

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“…3a) has, since 1900, typical recurrence intervals of 4-6 years with lava dome generation that collapse to generate pyroclastic flows and lahars (Surono et al 2012). In 2010, the volcano erupted explosively with the main explosive events on October 26, 29, 31 and November 1, 3, and 4.…”

Section: Merapi Volcano and Its 2010 Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2010, the volcano erupted explosively with the main explosive events on October 26, 29, 31 and November 1, 3, and 4. Surono et al (2012) along with Jousset et al (2013) provide an excellent overview of the eruption. Here, however, we focus on the use of radar data, as this provided a spectacular view of the growing dome and was essential in aiding forecasting of the eruptive crisis in terms of predicting the impact that could be generated if (or when) the dome collapsed.…”

Section: Merapi Volcano and Its 2010 Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Geospatial Technologies in Communicating a More Effective Hazard Assessment: Application of Remote Sensing Data

Webley

Watson

2017

Advances in Volcanology

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Remote sensing data and the application of geo-spatial technologies have progressively been built into real-time volcanic hazard assessment. Remote sensing of volcanic processes provides a unique synoptic view of the developing hazard, and provides insights into the ongoing activity without the need for direct, on-the-ground observations. Analysis and visualization of these data through the geospatial tools, like Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and new virtual globes, brings new perspectives into the decision support system. In this chapter, we provide examples of (i) how remote sensing has assisted in real-time analysis of active volcanoes; (ii) how by combining multiple sensors at different spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions one is able to better understand a given hazard, leading to better communication and decision making; and (iii) how visualizing this in a common platform, like a GIS tool or virtual globe, augments effective hazard assessment system. We will illustrate how useful remote sensing data can be for volcanic hazard assessment, including the benefits and challenges in real-time decision support, and how the geo-spatial tools can be useful to communicate the potential hazard through a common operation protocol.

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“…The last eruption happen in last 2010. Since the 20th century until 21, Merapi Volcano eruption that occurred in 2010 is the largest-scale eruption VEI (Volcanic explosivity index) 4 (Surono et al, 2012). Previous eruptions of Merapi Volcano with 4 VEI scale last took place in 1872 (Surono et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sekolah Paseduluran as a Social Capital to Increasing Community Preparedness to the Eruption of Merapi Volcano (Case Study: Glagaharjo Village, Cangkringan Sub-district, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta)

Sabilussalami¹,

Nastiti²,

Indrawan³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the LST International Cohference on Geography and Education (ICGE 2016)

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The 2010 explosive eruption of Java's Merapi volcano—A ‘100-year’ event

Cited by 397 publications

References 57 publications

Inverting for volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> flux at high temporal resolution using spaceborne plume imagery and chemistry-transport modelling: the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption case study

Inverting for volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> flux at high temporal resolution using spaceborne plume imagery and chemistry-transport modelling: the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption case study

The Role of Geospatial Technologies in Communicating a More Effective Hazard Assessment: Application of Remote Sensing Data

Sekolah Paseduluran as a Social Capital to Increasing Community Preparedness to the Eruption of Merapi Volcano (Case Study: Glagaharjo Village, Cangkringan Sub-district, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta)

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The 2010 explosive eruption of Java's Merapi volcano—A ‘100-year’ event

Cited by 397 publications

References 57 publications

Inverting for volcanic SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux at high temporal resolution using spaceborne plume imagery and chemistry-transport modelling: the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption case study

Inverting for volcanic SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux at high temporal resolution using spaceborne plume imagery and chemistry-transport modelling: the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption case study

The Role of Geospatial Technologies in Communicating a More Effective Hazard Assessment: Application of Remote Sensing Data

Sekolah Paseduluran as a Social Capital to Increasing Community Preparedness to the Eruption of Merapi Volcano (Case Study: Glagaharjo Village, Cangkringan Sub-district, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta)

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Inverting for volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> flux at high temporal resolution using spaceborne plume imagery and chemistry-transport modelling: the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption case study

Inverting for volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> flux at high temporal resolution using spaceborne plume imagery and chemistry-transport modelling: the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption case study