The 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake: Downdip rupture limit revealed by space geodesy

Tong, Xiaopeng; Sandwell, David T.; Luttrell, Karen; Brooks, Benjamin A.; Bevis, Michael; Shimada, Masanobu; Foster, James H.; Smalley, Robert; Parra, H.; Báez, Juan Carlos; Blanco, M.; Kendrick, Eric; Genrich, J. F.; Caccamise, Dana J.

doi:10.1029/2010gl045805

Cited by 121 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…First, radar interferograms acquired with the L-band Advanced Land Observatory Satellite (ALOS) [Shimada et al, 2010] have improved coherence relative to C-band radar. Second, recent processing advances allow interferograms to be made from radar images acquired in the scanning synthetic aperture radar (ScanSAR) mode [e.g., Bamler and Eineder, 1996;Ortiz and Zebker, 2007;Sandwell et al, 2008;Tong et al, 2010aTong et al, , 2010b. This is especially important because the descending passes made days after the Maule main shock were recorded in ScanSAR mode and recorded the deformation along the entire coastline in a single track.…”

Section: Minimum Stress Drop From the 27 February 2010 Maule Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6] The coseismic displacement from the 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake was observed in unprecedented detail using InSAR [Tong et al, 2010b]. Several factors contribute to the quality of these observations.…”

Section: Minimum Stress Drop From the 27 February 2010 Maule Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the earthquake, several groups worked to determine the coseismic slip distribution and moment release. Peak coseismic slip has generally been estimated in the range of 16-20 m, with an average slip of 5-6.5 m and a moment release of 1.8-2.6 × 10 22 N m [Delouis et al, 2010;Lay et al, 2010;Lorito et al, 2011;Pollitz et al, 2011;Tong et al, 2010b;Vigny et al, 2011]. The slip is distributed in such a way that it at least partially filled in the identified seismic gap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7] Tong et al [2010b] inverted near-field geodetic data from InSAR line-of-sight (LOS) displacement and 13 continuous GPS stations to model coseismic slip on a single dipping plane 670 km long by 260 km wide, approximating the geometry of the shallow megathrust with a strike 16.8°E ofN and a 15°dip to the east. The inversion assumes an isotropic homogeneous elastic half-space [Fialko, 2004;Okada, 1985] and resolved slip on the dipping fault plane with a resolution of approximately 40 km × 40 km.…”

Section: Minimum Stress Drop From the 27 February 2010 Maule Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimates of stress drop and crustal tectonic stress from the 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake: Implications for fault strength

et al. 2011

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[1] The great 27 February 2010 M w 8.8 earthquake off the coast of southern Chile ruptured a ∼600 km length of subduction zone. In this paper, we make two independent estimates of shear stress in the crust in the region of the Chile earthquake. First, we use a coseismic slip model constrained by geodetic observations from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and GPS to derive a spatially variable estimate of the change in static shear stress along the ruptured fault. Second, we use a static force balance model to constrain the crustal shear stress required to simultaneously support observed fore-arc topography and the stress orientation indicated by the earthquake focal mechanism. This includes the derivation of a semianalytic solution for the stress field exerted by surface and Moho topography loading the crust. We find that the deviatoric stress exerted by topography is minimized in the limit when the crust is considered an incompressible elastic solid, with a Poisson ratio of 0.5, and is independent of Young's modulus. This places a strict lower bound on the critical stress state maintained by the crust supporting plastically deformed accretionary wedge topography. We estimate the coseismic shear stress change from the Maule event ranged from −6 MPa (stress increase) to 17 MPa (stress drop), with a maximum depth-averaged crustal shear-stress drop of 4 MPa. We separately estimate that the plate-driving forces acting in the region, regardless of their exact mechanism, must contribute at least 27 MPa trench-perpendicular compression and 15 MPa trench-parallel compression. This corresponds to a depth-averaged shear stress of at least 7 MPa. The comparable magnitude of these two independent shear stress estimates is consistent with the interpretation that the section of the megathrust fault ruptured in the Maule earthquake is weak, with the seismic cycle relieving much of the total sustained shear stress in the crust.

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Section: Minimum Stress Drop From the 27 February 2010 Maule Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Minimum Stress Drop From the 27 February 2010 Maule Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Minimum Stress Drop From the 27 February 2010 Maule Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimates of stress drop and crustal tectonic stress from the 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake: Implications for fault strength

et al. 2011

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“…Por un lado, Bevis (2010), indicó que varias ciudades de Sudamérica se desplazaron, entre otros Concepción (3.35m hacia el oeste), Santiago (28cm hacia el suroeste) y Buenos Aires (2,5cm hacia el oeste) se desplazaron, producto del terremoto. Mientras que Barrientos (2010) y Tong et al (2010 además aclararon que estos cambios topográficos, es decir en la vertical, fueron estudiados a través de InSAR.…”

Section: Ejemplo Terremoto 27 De Febrero 2010unclassified

Potencial de la percepción remota - estudio basado en desastres naturales ocurridos durante los últimos 5 años en Chile

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RESUMENA través de desastres naturales ocurridos en Chile durante los últimos 5 años se ejemplifica como observaciones adquiridas por los diversos sensores, hoy en día disponibles en la Percepción Remota, fueron utilizadas con éxito en varias ocasiones, tanto durante como después de que ha ocurrido una catástrofe. Los ejemplos presentados en el presente artículo están relacionados con el terremoto y posterior tsunami ocurrido en febrero 2010 y las erupciones volcánicas en los años 2008 y 2011. Se da a conocer las plataformas y los sensores remotos más convenientes para realizar una administración moderna de desastres naturales. Aunque el catastro de daños producidos por un desastre natural es la aplicación más conocida en público, la Percepción Remota también puede ser usada en todas las fases de su administración: Mitigación, Preparación, Respuesta y Recuperación. Por tal motivo también se muestra como y en que situación puede ser útil el uso de datos adquiridos por sensores remotos. Como la Percepción Remota puede ser considerada como una de las más importantes herramientas en el ámbito de la administración de desastres naturales se concluye que en un país como Chile, su aplicación debe ser intensificado para poder superar cualquier catástrofe.

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The seismic cycle at subduction thrusts: Insights from seismo‐thermo‐mechanical models

et al. 2013

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[1] The underestimation of the size of recent megathrust earthquakes illustrates our limited understanding of their spatiotemporal occurrence and governing physics. To unravel their relation to associated subduction dynamics and long-term deformation, we developed a 2-D continuum viscoelastoplastic model that uses an Eulerian-Lagrangian finite difference framework with similar on-and off-fault physics. We extend the validation of this numerical tool to a realistic subduction zone setting that resembles Southern Chile. The resulting quasi-periodic pattern of quasi-characteristic M8-M9 megathrust events compares quantitatively with observed recurrence and earthquake source parameters, albeit at very slow coseismic speeds. Without any data fitting, surface displacements agree with GPS data recorded before and during the 2010 M8.8 Maule earthquake, including the presence of a second-order flexural bulge. These surface displacements show cycle-to-cycle variations of slip deficits, which overall accommodate 5% of permanent internal shortening. We find that thermally (and stress) driven creep governs a spontaneous conditionally stable downdip transition zone between temperatures of 350 ı C and 450 ı C. Ruptures initiate above it (and below the forearc Moho), propagate within it, interspersed by small intermittent events, and arrest below it as ductile shearing relaxes stresses. Ruptures typically propagate upward along lithological boundaries and widen as pressures drop. The main thrust is constrained to be weak due to fluid-induced weakening required to sustain regular subduction and to generate events with natural characteristics (fluid pressures of 75-99% of solid pressures). The agreement with a range of seismological, geodetic, and geological observations demonstrates the validity and strength of this physically consistent seismo-thermo-mechanical approach.

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The 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake: Downdip rupture limit revealed by space geodesy

Cited by 121 publications

References 34 publications

Estimates of stress drop and crustal tectonic stress from the 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake: Implications for fault strength

Estimates of stress drop and crustal tectonic stress from the 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake: Implications for fault strength

Potencial de la percepción remota - estudio basado en desastres naturales ocurridos durante los últimos 5 años en Chile

The seismic cycle at subduction thrusts: Insights from seismo‐thermo‐mechanical models

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