The 2011 England riots in European context: A framework for understanding the ‘life-cycle’ of riots

Newburn, Tim

doi:10.1177/1477370816633726

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Yet only a minority of these are empirical. The largest and most extensive research study of the 2011 riots is the Guardian /LSE's ‘Reading the Riots’, based on 270 interviews with rioters carried out soon after the events (Lewis et al., ; see Newburn, 2016a, 2016b; Newburn, Diski, et al., ; Newburn, Lewis, Addley, & Taylor, ). This work has provided a rich analysis of the experiences of rioters, showing that, together with collective anger, empowerment and joy were evident in actions such as defeating the police (Newburn, Deacon, et al., ).…”

Section: Explaining the 2011 English Riotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolving normative dimensions of ‘riot’: Towards an elaborated social identity explanation

Stott

Ball

Drury

et al. 2018

Euro J Social Psych

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The question of how normative form changes during a riot, and thus how collective behaviour spreads to different targets and locations, has been neglected in previous research, despite its theoretical and practical importance. We begin to address this limitation through a detailed analysis of the rioting in the London borough of Haringey in 2011. A triangulated analysis of multiple sources of data (including police reports, media accounts, and videos) finds a pattern of behaviour shifting from collective attacks on police targets to looting. A thematic analysis of 41 interview accounts with participants gathered shortly after the events suggests that a shared anti‐police identity allowed local postcode rivalries to be overcome, forming the basis of empowered action not only against the police but to address more long‐standing grievances and desires. It is argued that collective psychological empowerment operated in a ‘positive feedback loop’, whereby one form of collective self‐objectification (and perceived inability of police to respond) formed the basis of further action. This analysis of the development of new targets in an empowered crowd both confirms and extends the elaborated social identity model as an explanation for conflictual intergroup dynamics.

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Section: Explaining the 2011 English Riotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolving normative dimensions of ‘riot’: Towards an elaborated social identity explanation

Stott

Ball

Drury

et al. 2018

Euro J Social Psych

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our model shares important aspects with previous explanations of riots, which identify several of the factors explaining social unrest (e.g. Kawalerowicz and Biggs 2015;Moran and Waddington 2016;Newburn 2016b;Hörnqvist 2016). Our contribution is constructing one coherent actor-related explanation that deepens our understanding of the interaction between different contextual factors and the mechanisms they set in motion in a situation of disrupted equilibrium.…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 60%

Marginalization and Riots: A Rationalistic Explanation of Urban Unrest

Holdo

Bengtsson

2019

Housing, Theory and Society

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Urban riots are typically carried out by individuals who live in residential areas that are relatively marginalized socially, economically and politically. Previous research has discussed several aspects of deprivation that may help explain this relationship. Contributing further to this research, we aim to explain why marginalization produces riots by developing a rationalistic specification of social mechanisms. The utility of our model is demonstrated by a case study of the 2013 Stockholm riots. The model consists of (a) general local incentives that appeal to individual motives, but only lead to participation in riots when (b) the delicate local equilibrium is destabilized by an event that (c) makes riots appear justified, riskfree and thrilling. The advantage of this rationalistic model is that it shows why other people, in other places, would have reason to act in much the same way under similar circumstances. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…There is also an extensive literature on the origins of riots, who participates and the diffusion of riots, often focused on race riots in the US (e.g., Blau and Blau 1982;Mason and Murtagh 1985;Olzak 1987), historical protest behavior and riots in Europe or recent riots in cities such as London or Paris (e.g. Aidt et al 2017;Aidt and Leon 2015;Kawalerowicz and Biggs 2015;Moran and Waddington, 2015;Newburn, 2016;Seferiades and Johnston 2012;della Porta and Fillieule 2004;della Porta and Diani 2006;Opp 2009). Some riots occur amid a backdrop of organized political dissent, but not all organized dissent evolves into large-scale campaigns, and most studies do not focus on how riots may affect nonviolent campaigns with maximalist claims on the government.…”

Section: Varieties Of Violence In Nonviolent Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ticked Off, but Scared Off? Riots and the Fate of Nonviolent Campaigns*

Abbs¹,

Gleditsch²

2021

Mobilization: An International Quarterly

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Research on the relationship between nonviolent and violent dissent has focused on explicit shifts in organized strategies, disregarding less-organized forms of violence such as riots. Even though disorganized violence is common, we know little about how it influences the onset and fate of antigovernment nonviolent campaigns. Activists frequently argue that nonviolent discipline is essential and disorganized violence is counterproductive for effective large-scale mobilization. However, others emphasize how disorganized violence could have a mobilizing effect on large-scale protest and revitalize a nonviolent campaign. We detail these competing perspectives on how riots can influence the onset and outcomes of nonviolent campaigns. We then evaluate these contending claims empirically by examining how riots affect the initial emergence of nonviolent campaigns and the likelihood that campaigns will terminate. We find that nonviolent mobilization is less likely to emerge after riots, and ongoing campaigns are more likely to collapse under higher rates of rioting.

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The 2011 England riots in European context: A framework for understanding the ‘life-cycle’ of riots

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

The evolving normative dimensions of ‘riot’: Towards an elaborated social identity explanation

The evolving normative dimensions of ‘riot’: Towards an elaborated social identity explanation

Marginalization and Riots: A Rationalistic Explanation of Urban Unrest

Ticked Off, but Scared Off? Riots and the Fate of Nonviolent Campaigns*

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