The 2015 eruption of Gamalama volcano (Ternate Island–Indonesia): precursor, crisis management, and community response

Hidayat, Agung; Marfai, Muh Aris; Hadmoko, Danang Sri

doi:10.1007/s10708-020-10237-w

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In addition, research on the Gamalama volcano that has been carried out previously is in the form of case studies of the eruption that have occurred, the hazard and challenges of handling it [13,14], the community's preparedness and knowledge of the volcanic hazard [4], the reveal of its magmatic system [15], the planning of transportation infrastructure to support disaster mitigation [16] and a few others. However, the significance of the relationship between the repose period and the magnitude of the eruption, known as the volcanic explosivity index (VEI) is still very rarely studied, especially at Gamalama volcano, which has a relatively complete historical record as a study guide to provide helpful information for disaster mitigation efforts.…”

Section: International Journal Of Sustainable Development and Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If a line is drawn from these craters, a northwest-southeast-oriented structural pattern that cuts the peak of Gamalama parallel to the arc of the island of Halmahera will be formed [7]. Source: [14] The repose period after the explosion varies widely, ranging from less than one year to 50 years. But generally, after a long repose period of more than ten years, the eruption is for certain large and has a significant impact especially for the people of Ternate, given the island's small size and dense population.…”

Section: The History Of the Eruption Of The Gamalama Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But generally, after a long repose period of more than ten years, the eruption is for certain large and has a significant impact especially for the people of Ternate, given the island's small size and dense population. An example is an eruption that occurred after a 50-year repose period from 1687-1737, which produced a westward lava flow until it reached the sea [14]. Another example is the eruption after an 18-year repose period from 1962-1980, which had a massive explosion that formed a new crater, and its ash with a thickness of 10-15 cm entirely covered Ternate Island [30].…”

Section: The History Of the Eruption Of The Gamalama Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another example is the eruption after an 18-year repose period from 1962-1980, which had a massive explosion that formed a new crater, and its ash with a thickness of 10-15 cm entirely covered Ternate Island [30]. The social impact of the eruption in 1980 was the evacuation of around 40,000 people from Ternate Island to other surrounding islands such as Tidore Island, Hiri Island, and Halmahera Island [14,30].…”

Section: The History Of the Eruption Of The Gamalama Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Relationship Between Repose Period and Eruption Magnitude of Gamalama Volcano for Community Preparedness in Ternate Island – Indonesia

Hidayat¹,

Suryanto²,

Utomowati³

et al. 2023

IJSDP

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Volcanic eruptions from Gamalama volcano often threaten Ternate Island, a small volcanic island with more than 200,000 inhabitants in North Maluku Province. Ternate Island has an area of 111.4 km 2 , and the distance between settlements and the crater ranges from 4-7 km. With those conditions, Ternate Island has become one of the areas in Indonesia with a high risk of volcanic hazards. As one of the efforts to reduce volcanic risk, it is essential to understand the characteristics of volcanoes, including the relationship between the repose period and the eruption magnitude. Historical data on the eruption of the Gamalama volcano from 1510-2018 were collected from various reliable sources and analyzed statistically to determine their relationship. The results show no significant relationship between the repose period and the magnitude of the eruption. The results also show that the eruption's average repose time from 1510-2018 is unreliable and cannot be generalized. However, one thing that is quite interesting to be studied further is related to the positive relationship between the length of the repose period and the impact of the resulting eruption. This incident was recorded in several eruptions at Gamalama volcano, such as in 1960Gamalama volcano, such as in , 1980Gamalama volcano, such as in , 2003Gamalama volcano, such as in , and 2011. These findings require people living on Ternate Island to increase their preparedness and practice in dealing with eruption disasters following the contingency plan from the disaster management authority.

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Section: International Journal Of Sustainable Development and Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The History Of the Eruption Of The Gamalama Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The History Of the Eruption Of The Gamalama Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The History Of the Eruption Of The Gamalama Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessment of the Relationship Between Repose Period and Eruption Magnitude of Gamalama Volcano for Community Preparedness in Ternate Island – Indonesia

Hidayat¹,

Suryanto²,

Utomowati³

et al. 2023

IJSDP

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“…Compared with other volcanoes in this region, the Gamalama volcano in Ternate Island is categorized as one of the most active volcanoes in the North Maluku Province during the Holocene era [2]. That is why there are numerous researches in Ternate Island related to Gamalama volcano, for example, evacuation route planning during the Gamalama eruption, landslideinduce tsunami due to Gamalama instability, or disaster mitigation in Ternate [3,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomorphology of the small island of Tidore and Hiri (North Maluku, Indonesia)

et al. 2021

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Tidore and Hiri Islands in North Maluku Province is the result of a complex tectonic setting. In contrast with Ternate Island and its well-known volcano, Gamalama volcano, there is still a lack of research about volcanic information or volcanic landform in Tidore and Hiri Islands. Even though the two islands also have volcanoes, i.e., Hiri and Tidore/Kiematubu volcano. This study aims to provide geomorphological information, especially in Tidore and Hiri Islands, since this information is hard to find whereas it is very important to disaster mitigation and landuse planning. We used remote sensing images, digital elevation models (DEM), and geological maps to classify geomorphological information of the small island of Tidore and Hiri in the North Maluku based on geomorphological aspects, i.e., morphology, morphogenesis, morpho-chronology, and morpho-arrangement. As a volcanic island, the slope in Tidore and Hiri Island is dominated by a slightly steep (8°-16°) and a steep slope (16°-35°), while the relief is dominated by hills and mountainous. Volcanic landforms on Tidore and Hiri Islands are characterized by relatively symmetrical cone-shaped volcanic cones, which are accumulations of falling pyroclastic material and lava ejected from magma vents. Volcanic islands include the case of Tidore and Hiri Island have radial centrifugal river flow patterns. The material on Tidore and Hiri Islands is dominated by Holocene volcanic rocks. In Tidore, there is alluvial material on the west and east coasts of the island. This study result also can be developed into more detailed geomorphological maps, or landscape evolution in a volcanic island, or spatial planning.

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Volcanic hazard knowledge and preparedness of small island community on the flank of Gamalama volcano Ternate Island–Indonesia

et al. 2022

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The 2015 eruption of Gamalama volcano (Ternate Island–Indonesia): precursor, crisis management, and community response

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Assessment of the Relationship Between Repose Period and Eruption Magnitude of Gamalama Volcano for Community Preparedness in Ternate Island – Indonesia

Assessment of the Relationship Between Repose Period and Eruption Magnitude of Gamalama Volcano for Community Preparedness in Ternate Island – Indonesia

Geomorphology of the small island of Tidore and Hiri (North Maluku, Indonesia)

Volcanic hazard knowledge and preparedness of small island community on the flank of Gamalama volcano Ternate Island–Indonesia

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