The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels

Romanello, Marina; Napoli, Claudia Di; Drummond, Paul; Green, Carole; Kennard, Harry; Lampard, Pete; Scamman, Daniel; Arnell, Nigel W.; Ayeb‐Karlsson, Sonja; Ford, Lea Berrang; Belesova, Kristine; Bowen, Kathryn; Cai, Wenjia; Callaghan, Max; Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid; Chambers, Jonathan; Daalen, Kim Robin van; Dalin, Carole; Dasandi, Niheer; Dasgupta, Shouro; Davies, Martin; Domínguez-Salas, Paula; Dubrow, Robert; Ebi, Kristie L.; Eckelman, Matthew J.; Ekins, Paul; Escobar, Luis E.; Georgeson, Lucien; Graham, Hilary; Gunther, Samuel H; Hamilton, Ian; Hang, Yun; Hänninen, Risto; Hartinger, Stella M.; He, Kehan; Hess, Jeremy; Hsu, Shih‐Che; Mikhaylov, Slava; Jamart, Louis; Jay, Ollie; Kelman, Ilan; Kiesewetter, Gregor; Kinney, Patrick L.; Kjellström, Tord; Kniveton, Dominic; Lee, Jason; Lemke, Bruno; Liu, Yang; Liu, Zhao; Lott, Melissa; Lotto-Batista, Martín; Lowe, Rachel; MacGuire, Frances; Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo; Martı́nez-Urtaza, Jaime; Maslin, Mark; McAllister, Lucy; McGushin, Alice; McMichael, Celia; Mi, Zhifu; Milner, James; Minor, Kelton; Minx, Jan; Mohajeri, Nahid; Moradi‐Lakeh, Maziar; Morrissey, Karyn; Munzert, Simon; Murray, Kris A.; Neville, Tara; Nilsson, Maria; Obradovich, Nick; O'Hare, Megan; Oreszczyn, Tadj; Otto, M. Alexander; Owfi, Fereidoon; Pearman, Olivia; Rabbaniha, Mahnaz; Robinson, Elizabeth; Rocklöv, Joacim; Salas, Renee N; Semenza, Jan C.; Sherman, Jodi D.; Shi, Liuhua; Shumake-Guillemot, Joy; Silbert, Grant; Sofiev, Mikhail; Springmann, Marco; Stowell, Jennifer; Tabatabaei, Meisam; Taylor, Jonathon; Triñanes, Joaquín; Wagner, Fabian; Wilkinson, Paul; Winning, Matthew; Yglesias-González, Marisol; Zhang, Shihui; Gong, Peng; Montgomery, H. E.; Costello, Anthony

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01540-9

Cited by 733 publications

(410 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…Although the European region (EEA 38) is only 8% of the global population, Europe is responsible for roughly 11% of global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels and 11% of global CO 2 eq emissions from food demand. 75 Greenhouse gas emissions from the EU account for 17% of global cumulative greenhouse gas emissions (1950–2020), making Europe one of the major contributors to the climate crisis, and placing the lives and health of hundreds of millions of people at risk globally. 4 Importantly, these emissions affect the world population unequally.…”

Section: Section 3: Mitigation Actions and Health Co-benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fossil fuel combustion accounts for around 65% of global greenhouse gas emissions. 75 Between 1990 and 2005, emissions from fuel in Europe were at 4·3 gigatonnes (Gt)CO 2 per year (7·3 tCO 2 per person). However, by 2019, emissions had fallen by 14% compared with 2005, to 3·5 GtCO 2 per year (5·6 tCO 2 per person).…”

Section: Section 3: Mitigation Actions and Health Co-benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The COVID-19 pandemic temporarily reduced Europe's emissions by 8% from 2019 to 3·2 GtCO 2 per year (5·1 tCO 2 per person) in 2020; however the global emission reductions in 2020 are unlikely to be detectable in the growth rate of CO 2 in the atmosphere. 75 …”

Section: Section 3: Mitigation Actions and Health Co-benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The 2022 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: towards a climate resilient future

Daalen

Romanello

Rocklöv

et al. 2022

The Lancet Public Health

105

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Section: Section 3: Mitigation Actions and Health Co-benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Section 3: Mitigation Actions and Health Co-benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The 2022 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: towards a climate resilient future

Daalen

Romanello

Rocklöv

et al. 2022

The Lancet Public Health

105

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“…The Lancet Countdown provided methods, data and results. 16 78 Adherence to the dietary guidelines would therefore have the co-benefit of reducing Australia's greenhouse gas emissions plus lead to further health benefits.…”

Section: Diet and Health Co-benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2022 report of theMJA–LancetCountdown on health and climate change: Australia unprepared and paying the price

Beggs

Zhang

McGushin

et al. 2022

Medical Journal of Australia

Self Cite

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Summary The MJA–Lancet Countdown on health and climate change in Australia was established in 2017 and produced its first national assessment in 2018 and annual updates in 2019, 2020 and 2021. It examines five broad domains: climate change impacts, exposures and vulnerability; adaptation, planning and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co‐benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. In this, the fifth year of the MJA–Lancet Countdown, we track progress on an extensive suite of indicators across these five domains, accessing and presenting the latest data and further refining and developing our analyses. Within just two years, Australia has experienced two unprecedented national catastrophes — the 2019–2020 summer heatwaves and bushfires and the 2021–2022 torrential rains and flooding. Such events are costing lives and displacing tens of thousands of people. Further, our analysis shows that there are clear signs that Australia’s health emergency management capacity substantially decreased in 2021. We find some signs of progress with respect to health and climate change. The states continue to lead the way in health and climate change adaptation planning, with the Victorian plan being published in early 2022. At the national level, we note progress in health and climate change research funding by the National Health and Medical Research Council. We now also see an acceleration in the uptake of electric vehicles and continued uptake of and employment in renewable energy. However, we also find Australia’s transition to renewables and zero carbon remains unacceptably slow, and the Australian Government’s continuing failure to produce a national climate change and health adaptation plan places the health and lives of Australians at unnecessary risk today, which does not bode well for the future.

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“…In turn, climate change impacts under a business-as-usual emission scenario will likely lead to an additional 80-120 million people in extreme poverty, perhaps within decades (82) and cause increasingly large health, economic, environmental and infrastructural damages, amplifying climate-related injustices (50,51,56,85). For example, exposure to extreme heat in 2021 already caused 0.7% loss of global economic output, but 5.6% loss of GDP in low Human Development Index (HDI) countries (86).…”

Section: Current Challenges Of Climate Change Science and Social Justicementioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Climate Change and Climate Injustice Simultaneously

Activation¹,

Grace

Agrawal³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Mitigating climate change and social injustice are critical, interwoven challenges facing humankind. Climate change is the result of grossly unequal greenhouse gas emissions by different societies and groups. Its impacts are also unjust, disproportionately affecting poor and less powerful nations, and the poor and the less powerful within each nation. While climate mitigation is essential, it reshapes the interacting socio-cultural, economic, political, physical and ecological processes that cause climate change, often with adverse outcomes for the most vulnerable. Answering the challenge of how to achieve climate mitigation alongside social justice mitigation and enhanced wellbeing will require improved understanding of the tradeoffs of alternative climate mitigation options with demonstrably different social justice outcomes.Herein, we present a broad framework to illustrate the interface between climate change and social justice, examining how economic, health, governance, social and policy dimensions interrelate both as cause and consequence of climate change, related emissions, and associated injustices. We then assess how specific mitigation interventions can address or exacerbate climate injustice, or more complexly, simultaneously worsen climate injustice for some and improve justice outcomes for others. In sorting through these possibilities, we identify a set of interventions that can both reduce emissions and enhance justice more broadly. These solutions highlight a range of possible ways forward, and include demographic choices, technology, a suite of natural solutions, and policy and governance. We also discuss political-economic obstacles to adoption and possible mechanisms that may support broader deployment. Addressing such possibilities has the potential to generate new ways of thinking about and mitigating inequity and power imbalance in the context of mitigating climate change.

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The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels

Cited by 733 publications

References 198 publications

The 2022 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: towards a climate resilient future

The 2022 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: towards a climate resilient future

The 2022 report of theMJA–LancetCountdown on health and climate change: Australia unprepared and paying the price

Mitigating Climate Change and Climate Injustice Simultaneously

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