The 3D numerical simulation of a transient vacuum arc under realistic spatial AMF profiles

Hartmann, Werner; Hauser, A.; Lawall, A.; Renz, R.; Wenzel, N.

doi:10.1109/deiv.2010.5625791

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In this case the problem has transferred into a 3D VA model with passive anode. This model has been studied by many researchers [11,19,20]. After comprehensive consideration, the maximum temperature of anode surface is taken as 2100 K, to ensure the smooth conduct of the calculation and anode vapor can enter into the arc column region obviously.…”

Section: Influence Of the Anode Surface Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and simulation of high-current vacuum arc considering the micro process of anode vapor

Wang¹,

Huang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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In vacuum arc (VA), when the arc current is very high (usually in the tens of kilo-ampere), the heat flux density injecting into an anode is larger and leads to a higher anode temperature with the increasing of current. The strong anode evaporation drives the evaporated atoms from the anode surface to the arc column. Simultaneously, the anode evaporated atoms impact with the cathode plasma, and then the micro processes as ionization and recombination between anode atoms and plasma will happen. In this paper, the two fluid three-dimensional (3D) magneto-hydro-dynamic (MHD) model of VA considering ionization and recombination processes is built, and the influence of the anode vapor and its micro processes on the arc column is obtained by solving the two fluid MHD equations, which control anode neutral atoms and cathode plasma, respectively. In the model, the ionization of neutral atoms and the recombination of ions are both considered, the mass, momentum and energy exchange caused by the ionization and recombination processes are also considered. Moreover, the influence of ionization and recombination processes on the electromagnetic process of VA is also considered in the model. By numerical simulation, the anode vapor distribution, cathode plasma distribution and VA distribution, such as density, temperature, pressure, etc, are all obtained, and the parameters related to ionization and recombination processes are also obtained. When the anode temperature is high enough, the anode neutral vapor will enter into the arc column, and strong ionization happens at the interface between anode vapor and cathode plasma. Then, the anode vapor will be quickly ionized (usually smaller than a few microseconds) and generate a lot of ions (usually higher than 1021 m−3 orders of magnitude). The anode neutral vapor has the same temperature with the anode surface, which is much lower than the temperature of the arc column, so the anode neutral vapor obviously has a cooling effect on the arc column. Whether anode neutral vapor will enter into the arc column or not, is determined by the balance between anode neutral vapor and cathode plasma.

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Section: Influence Of the Anode Surface Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and simulation of high-current vacuum arc considering the micro process of anode vapor

Wang¹,

Huang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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show abstract

“…In [1], by using a commercial FEM software package, ANSYS, the constriction of the vacuum arc current was predicted. The influence of uniform AMF and realistic spatial AMF profiles found in commercial VIs on HCVAs were studied in [2] and [3]. The simulation results indicated that there existed significant rotational phenomenon in HCVAs under AMF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the recent years, some progresses have been made in the modeling of HCVAs subjected to AMF applying the magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) approach, especially the establishment of the three-dimensional (3D) MHD model [1][2][3][4][5]. In [1], by using a commercial FEM software package, ANSYS, the constriction of the vacuum arc current was predicted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 3D simulation of high-current vacuum arc under combined effect of actual magnetic field and external transverse magnetic field

Qian

Wang

Jia

et al. 2014

2014 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)

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Based on a steady 3D Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic (MHD) model, the high-current vacuum arc (HCVA) under combined effect of actual magnetic field (MF) and external transverse magnetic field (ETMF) is simulated. The actual MF is generated by cup-type AMF contact system. The ETMF may cause the deflection of arc column which is the main reason of the contact deflected erosion. According to some experimental results, the electron temperature in HCVA is assumed to be uniform and equal to 3eV. So the MHD model is simplified to improve the simulation efficiency. With the three conservation equations (mass, momentum and energy) of ion flow coupling solved, the spatial distributions of some flow parameters can be obtained. The influence of all three components of the magnetic field is inserted by solving the magnetic transport equations sequentially. Proper boundary conditions are set on the cathode and anode side which separated the cathode spots mixing region and anode sheath region from computation domain respectively. Under the influence of the ETMF, the deflection of the plasma flow can be found which may be helpful to understand the mechanism of the contact deflected erosion.

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“…At so far, only few researchers have done 3D simulation on VAs. Hartmann [8,9] simulated VA with uniform, saddle and bell axial magnetic field (AMF). Wang [10,11] also modeled and simulated VA with 3D MHD model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D numerical simulation of vacuum arc with anode vapor in actual magnetic fields

Huang

Wang

Jia

et al. 2014

2014 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)

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Characteristics of vacuum arc seriously influence the interruption ability of vacuum switches. In many cases (especially in commercial electrode systems), vacuum arcs are not completely axial symmetrical configuration. So, three-dimensional simulation of vacuum arc is needed. On the other hand, when the interruption current is very high, the anode will be in active state and becomes another source of inter-electrode plasma. In this paper, a time dependent actual magnetic field generated by commercial cup-shaped axial magnetic field (AMF) electrode is simulated. With this magnetic field and the simulation results of anode temperature, the dynamic characteristics of vacuum arc considering anode vapor pressure (also considering simplified cathode spots diffusion and open process of electrode) are obtained. In the simulation results, the magnetic field distribution of commercial cup-shaped electrode is six leaves shape, and so do other parameters. There are some ions pressed by high anode vapor pressure from anode to arc column.

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The 3D numerical simulation of a transient vacuum arc under realistic spatial AMF profiles

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

Modeling and simulation of high-current vacuum arc considering the micro process of anode vapor

Modeling and simulation of high-current vacuum arc considering the micro process of anode vapor

The 3D simulation of high-current vacuum arc under combined effect of actual magnetic field and external transverse magnetic field

3D numerical simulation of vacuum arc with anode vapor in actual magnetic fields

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