2023
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010032
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The 3D Printing of Nanocomposites for Wearable Biosensors: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Prospects

Santosh Kumar Parupelli,
Salil Desai

Abstract: Notably, 3D-printed flexible and wearable biosensors have immense potential to interact with the human body noninvasively for the real-time and continuous health monitoring of physiological parameters. This paper comprehensively reviews the progress in 3D-printed wearable biosensors. The review also explores the incorporation of nanocomposites in 3D printing for biosensors. A detailed analysis of various 3D printing processes for fabricating wearable biosensors is reported. Besides this, recent advances in var… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(3 citation statements)
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References 211 publications
(248 reference statements)
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“…The mechanical, electrochemical, and spectral prop-erties of nanosensors enhance the diagnostic profile for cancer patients, allowing them to have early detection, a treatment plan, and monitoring of the disease. As shown in Figure 2, during the diagnostic stage, nanosensors can detect extremely low concentrations of cancer biomarkers [63,64]. Integration of AI algorithms in the data analysis can allow recognition of combinatory treatments.…”
Section: Nanomanufacturing Processmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The mechanical, electrochemical, and spectral prop-erties of nanosensors enhance the diagnostic profile for cancer patients, allowing them to have early detection, a treatment plan, and monitoring of the disease. As shown in Figure 2, during the diagnostic stage, nanosensors can detect extremely low concentrations of cancer biomarkers [63,64]. Integration of AI algorithms in the data analysis can allow recognition of combinatory treatments.…”
Section: Nanomanufacturing Processmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With reflection on the security of hardware used to create organoids, largely 3D bioprinters, hardware security is starting to be taken more seriously, as can be seen by initial work by Isichei et al (2023), which draws attention to the security needed in these systems [161]. Parupelli and Desai (2023) note the potential for 3D-printed wearables and biosensors to affect healthcare and industries, which can benefit from complex wearables [162]. A combined cyberbiosecurity/biocybersecurity threat may first be seen within an industrial context.…”
Section: A Hypothetical Case: Organoids Through the Lens Of Both Bioc...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ongoing interest in CNTs as components of biosensors [ 43 , 44 , 45 ] and medical devices [ 46 , 47 , 48 ] is motivated by the dimensional and chemical compatibility of CNTs with biomolecules, such as DNA and proteins [ 29 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. In addition, the unique mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties of CNTs enable fluorescent and photo-acoustic imaging, as well as localized heating using near-infrared radiation [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%