The 5-HTTLPR genotype and depressiveness link: Contribution of aspects of environment and gender

Kurrikoff, Triin; Hiio, Kelli; Täht, Karin; Harro, Jaanus; Veidebaum, Toomas

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.06.022

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Other studies have also shown sex differences in the links between 5-HTTLPR s-allele and mental health response to stressors ( 95 , 96 ). In the study by Kurrikoff et al, men had higher depressiveness in association with higher exposure to interpersonal adverse events if they had the l′/l′ genotype ( 94 ). Other studies have also shown that males with the l′/l′ genotype are more sensitive to SLE ( 96 , 97 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The study showed the lowest prevalence of depression among female s′-allele carriers who had low levels of exposure to interpersonal adverse events. Authors concluded that the complex interplay between serotonin, social stress, and depression is sex dependent ( 94 ). Other studies have also shown sex differences in the links between 5-HTTLPR s-allele and mental health response to stressors ( 95 , 96 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stressful Life Events and Risk of Depression 25 Years Later: Race and Gender Differences

Assari

Lankarani²

2016

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundAlthough stressful life events (SLEs) predict subsequent risk of developing a major depressive episode (MDE), limited information exists on whether or not race and gender alters the predictive role of SLE on risk of MDE over a long-term period. The current study explored race and gender differences in the long-term predictive role of SLE at baseline (1986) on subsequent risk of MDE 25 years later (2011) in a nationally representative cohort in the United States.MethodsUsing a life course epidemiological approach, this longitudinal study borrowed data from the Americans’ Changing Lives (ACL) Study 1986–2011. Main predictor of interest was baseline SLE over the last 3 years measured at 1986. Main outcome was risk of MDE [Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)] 25 years later (2011). Covariates included demographics, socioeconomics, depressive symptoms [Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D)], chronic medical conditions, and health behaviors measured at baseline (1986). Gender and race were the focal moderators. We employed logistic regressions in the pooled sample, and specific to race and gender, to test whether or not SLE × race and SLE × gender interactions are significant.ResultsIn the pooled sample, baseline SLE (1986) predicted risk of MDE 25 years later (2011). We also found a gender by SLE interaction, suggesting a stronger predictive role of SLE for subsequent clinical depression for men compared to women. Race did not modify the predictive role of SLE on subsequent risk of MDE 25 years later.ConclusionHow SLE predicts MDE 25 years later differs for men and women, with a stronger predictive role for men compared to women. More research is needed to better understand the complex links between gender, sex, stress, and depression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stressful Life Events and Risk of Depression 25 Years Later: Race and Gender Differences

Assari

Lankarani²

2016

Front. Public Health

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“…In some studies, women also appear to be more sensitive to, or to benefit more from, TRP supplementation; indeed, some researchers chose to study women only for these reasons (97,98) . Furthermore, sex interacts with serotonergic gene polymorphisms in several systems, including 5-HTTLPR, TPH1, TPH2 and MAO-A (67,107) , and these interactions can be further moderated by stress (108)(109)(110)(111) . Therefore, the sex of participants needs to be considered when interpreting findings in this area.…”

Section: Role Of Genetics In Moderating Effects Of L-tryptophan Supplmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tryptophan supplementation and serotonin function: genetic variations in behavioural effects

Gibson

2018

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The neurotransmitter serotonin has a role in affective disorders such as depression and anxiety, as well as sleep, cognitive function and appetite. This review examines the evidence that serotonin-related genotypes may moderate the behavioural effects of supplementation with the serotonin precursor amino acid l-tryptophan (TRP), on which synthesis of serotonin (or 5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) depends. However, 95 % of serotonin is synthesised and used in the periphery, and TRP is also metabolised via non-5-HT routes such as the kynurenine pathway. Moreover, understanding of genotypes involved in regulation of serotonin raises questions over the generalisability of TRP effects on behaviour across individuals with varied serotonergic genotypes. To date, only differences between variants of the 5-HT transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) have been investigated in relation to behavioural effects of TRP supplementation. Effects of 5-HTTLPR genotypes are usually compared between the alleles that are either high (L/L') or low (S/S') expressing of mRNA for the 5-HT transporter receptor. Yet, another key genetic variable is sex: in women, the S/S' genotype predicts sensitivity to improved mood and reduced cortisol by TRP supplementation, during stressful challenges, whereas the L/L' genotype protects against stress-induced mood deterioration. In men, the L/L' genotype may confer risk of stress-induced increases in negative affect; there are insufficient data to assess effects on male S/S' genotypes. However, better-powered studies to detect sex by genotype by stress by TRP interactions, as well as consideration of more genotypes, are needed before strong conclusions and recommendations for behavioural effects of TRP treatment can be reached.

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“…[21][22][23] Furthermore, the environment-dependent 5-HTTLPR effect on affect-related constructs can in the general population be strongly gender-dependent. 24 The aim of the present study was to explore the presence of specific fears, and their potential higher-order structure, using a sample that is population-representative and hence more suitable for generalization than, for example, sample of patients with a particular diagnosis. Furthermore, the authors have addressed the questions whether the offspring of rejecting and controlling mothers would express higher level of fears, and whether the 5-HTTLPR genotype plays a role in presence of fears, their expression, and their possible association with mother-child relationship.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 –23 Furthermore, the environment-dependent 5-HTTLPR effect on affect-related constructs can in the general population be strongly gender-dependent. 24…”

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confidence: 99%

Fears in the General Population

et al. 2015

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This study aimed to examine the structure of fears of youth, and its associations with gender, genetic variation of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR), and perceived maternal acceptance/rejection and control, in a population-representative sample. Participants were 453 adolescents and 540 young adults. Fears were assessed by a 18-item Fear Questionnaire, and perceived maternal relationships by the Mother Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire. A structured psychiatric interview was used to assess current and lifetime psychiatric disorders in participants from the older cohort. A principal component analyses indicated 2 components, named Fear/Phobia and Panic/Despair. Females expressed higher level of fears and symptoms of despair regardless of the serotonin transporter genotype. The 5-HTTLPR genotype nevertheless played a role in the association between fears and perceived relationships: in S/S-genotype, more Fear/Phobia was reported by the participants who perceived greater maternal acceptance in combination with strict maternal control, and had a history of psychiatric disorder.

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The 5-HTTLPR genotype and depressiveness link: Contribution of aspects of environment and gender

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Stressful Life Events and Risk of Depression 25 Years Later: Race and Gender Differences

Stressful Life Events and Risk of Depression 25 Years Later: Race and Gender Differences

Tryptophan supplementation and serotonin function: genetic variations in behavioural effects

Fears in the General Population

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