The 6-GHz methanol multibeam maser catalogue - IV. Galactic longitudes 186°-330° including the Orion-Monoceros region

Green, James; Caswell, J. L.; Fuller, G. A.; Avison, A.; Breen, S. L.; Ellingsen, S. P.; Gray, M. D.; Pestalozzi, M.; Quinn, Lyshia; Thompson, M. A.; Voronkov, M. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20229.x

Cited by 145 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…6 shows the distributions of integrated flux densities for the 6.7-and 12.2-GHz methanol masers (these values are not available for either the water masers or the excited-state OH masers) and the overall distributions are similar to that of the peak flux densities. The most striking difference in the distributions is the preponderance of 12.2-GHz methanol masers with low integrated flux densities, dominated by a large number of weak, sin- Caswell et al 2010;Green et al 2010;Caswell et al 2011;Green et al 2012;Breen et al 2015), 12.2-GHz methanol (pink; Breen et al 2012aBreen et al ,b, 2014Breen et al , 2016, water (blue; Walsh et al 2014) and excited-state OH masers (orange; Avison et al 2016), and; (bottom) integrated flux density distribution of the 6.7-GHz methanol (magenta; Breen et al 2015) and 12.2-GHz methanol (pink; Breen et al 2012aBreen et al ,b, 2014Breen et al , 2016.…”

Section: Distribution Of Peak and Integrated Flux Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the primary target of the survey was the 6.7-GHz methanol maser line, a concurrent survey for 6035-MHz OH masers was also preformed (see Green et al 2009, for a description of the survey or Table 1 for a summary of the survey parameters). In total, 972 methanol masers and 127 excited-state OH masers were detected and are presented in a series of catalogue papers Green et al 2010;Caswell et al 2011;Green et al 2012;Breen et al 2015;Avison et al 2016). Each of the newly discovered 6.7-GHz methanol and excited-state OH masers, together with any known sources that had not been previously observed with an interferometer where subsequently observed with either the ATCA or MERLIN between 2006 and 2014, achieving positional accuracies better than 0.4 arcsec.…”

Section: The Methanol Multbeam (Mmb) Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are relatively common and strong, with more than 1000 sources now known across the Galactic plane (e.g. Pandian et al 2007;Caswell et al 2010; Green et al 2010; arXiv:1711.07589v1 [astro-ph.GA] 21 Nov 2017 Caswell et al 2011;Green et al 2012;Breen et al 2015). The next strongest and common class II methanol maser line is at 12.2-GHz (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The 6-GHz Multibeam Maser Survey – III. Comparison between the MMB and HOPS

Breen

Contreras

Ellingsen

et al. 2017

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We have compared the occurrence of 6.7-GHz and 12.2-GHz methanol masers with 22-GHz water masers and 6035-MHz excited-state OH masers in the 100 square degree region of the southern Galactic plane common to the Methanol Multibeam (MMB) and H 2 O southern Galactic Plane surveys (HOPS). We find the most populous star formation species to be 6.7-GHz methanol, followed by water, then 12.2-GHz and, finally, excited-state OH masers. We present association statistics, flux density (and luminosity where appropriate) and velocity range distributions across the largest, fully surveyed portion of the Galactic plane for four of the most common types of masers found in the vicinity of star formation regions.Comparison of the occurrence of the four maser types with far-infrared dust temperatures shows that sources exhibiting excited-state OH maser emission are warmer than sources showing any of the other three maser types. We further find that sources exhibiting both 6.7-GHz and 12.2-GHz methanol masers are warmer than sources exhibiting just 6.7-GHz methanol maser emission. These findings are consistent with previously made suggestions that both OH and 12.2-GHz methanol masers generally trace a later stage of star formation compared to other common maser types.

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Section: Distribution Of Peak and Integrated Flux Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Methanol Multbeam (Mmb) Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The 6-GHz Multibeam Maser Survey – III. Comparison between the MMB and HOPS

Breen

Contreras

Ellingsen

et al. 2017

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…Minier et al 2003;Xu et al 2008;Breen et al 2013). The Methanol Multibeam survey (MMB; Green et al 2009) completely searched the portion of the Galactic plane accessible to the Parkes 64-m radio telescope, detecting a total of 972 masers across the total longitude range of 186 • (through the Galactic Centre) to 60 • within latitudes of ±2 • Green et al 2010;Caswell et al 2011;Green et al 2012;Breen et al 2015). The MMB catalogues present the precise positions for each of the 6.7-GHz methanol masers that were either taken from the literature, or derived from new Australia E-mail: Shari.Breen@csiro.au † Deceased 2015 January 14.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

12.2-GHz methanol maser MMB follow-up catalogue – IV. Longitude range 20°–60°

Breen

Ellingsen

Caswell

et al. 2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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This is the fourth and final instalment of a series of catalogues presenting 12.2-GHz methanol maser observations made towards each of the 6.7-GHz methanol masers detected in the Methanol Multibeam (MMB) survey. This final portion of the survey covers the 20 • -60 • longitude range, increasing the 12.2-GHz follow-up range to the full MMB coverage of 186 • ≥ l ≤ 60 • and |b| ≤ 2 • . Towards a total of 260 6.7-GHz MMB methanol masers (we were unable to observe five of the MMB sources in this longitude range) we detect 116 12.2-GHz masers counterparts, 64 of which were discovered in this survey. Including data from the literature, we find that there are 12.2-GHz methanol masers towards 47.1 per cent of the 6.7-GHz methanol masers in this portion of the Galaxy. Across the entire MMB survey range, we find a detection rate of 45.3 per cent. We find that the detection rate of 12.2-GHz methanol masers as a function of Galactic longitude is not uniform and there is an excess of masers with broad velocity ranges at longitudes near 30 • and 330 • . Comparing the occurrence of 12.2-GHz methanol masers with MMB-targeted CO observations has shown that those outflows associated with a 12.2-GHz source have a larger average dynamical time-scale than those associated with only 6.7-GHz methanol masers, supporting the notion that the 12.2-GHz masers are associated with a later phase of high-mass star formation.

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“…The Methanol Multibeam (MMB) survey (Green et al 2009) has identified 703 methanol masers between 186 • < ℓ < 20 • and |b| < 2 • with a further 4 masers being found towards the OrionMonoceros Complex (Green et al 2012). The full published catalogue therefore consists of 707 methanol masers Green et al 2010;Caswell et al 2011;Green et al 2012). Distances have been determined for the majority of these masers from the radial velocity of the strongest intensity maser component and the Reid et al (2009b) Galactic rotation model.…”

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confidence: 99%

The almost ubiquitous association of 6.7-GHz methanol masers with dust★

Urquhart

Moore

Menten

et al. 2014

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We report the results of 870-µmcontinuum observations, using the Large APEX Bolometer Camera (LABOCA), towards 77 class-II, 6.7-GHz methanol masers identified by the Methanol Multibeam (MMB) survey to map the thermal emission from cool dust towards these objects. These data complement a study of 630 methanol masers associated with compact dense clumps identified from the ATLASGAL survey. Compact dust emission is detected towards 70 sources, which implies a dust-association rate of 99 per cent for the full MMB catalogue. Evaluation of the derived dust and maser properties leads us to conclude that the combined sample represents a single population tracing the same phenomenon. We find median clump masses of a few 10 3 M ⊙ and that all but a handful of sources satisfy the mass-size criterion required for massive star formation. This study provides the strongest evidence of the almost ubiquitous association of methanol masers with massive, star-forming clumps. The fraction of methanol-maser associated clumps is a factor of ∼2 lower in the outer Galaxy than the inner Galaxy, possibly a result of the lower metallicity environment of the former. We find no difference in the clump-mass and maser-luminosity distributions of the inner and outer Galaxy. The maser-pumping and clump-formation mechanisms are therefore likely to be relatively invariant to Galactic location. Finally, we use the ratio of maser luminosity and clump mass to investigate the hypothesis that the maser luminosity is a good indicator of the evolutionary stage of the embedded source, however, we find no evidence to support this.

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The 6-GHz methanol multibeam maser catalogue - IV. Galactic longitudes 186°-330° including the Orion-Monoceros region

Cited by 145 publications

References 61 publications

The 6-GHz Multibeam Maser Survey – III. Comparison between the MMB and HOPS

The 6-GHz Multibeam Maser Survey – III. Comparison between the MMB and HOPS

12.2-GHz methanol maser MMB follow-up catalogue – IV. Longitude range 20°–60°

The almost ubiquitous association of 6.7-GHz methanol masers with dust★

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